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Anatomy and physiology I lecture > JOINTS > Flashcards

JOINTS Flashcards

1
Q

_______ is the site where two or bones meet

A

Articulation

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2
Q

______ give skeleton mobility

A

Joints

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3
Q

What holds the skeleton together?

A

Joints

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4
Q

Joints have three functional classifications
______: immovable
______: slightly movable
______: freely movable

A

Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses

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5
Q

Which joint classification allows no movement?

A

Synarthroses

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6
Q

Which joint classification allows slight movement?

A

Amphiarthroses

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7
Q

Which joint classification allows free movement?

A

Diarthroses

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8
Q

Joints have three structural classifications: _____, _____, ______

A

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

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9
Q

Fibrous joints are mostly immovable, which means they are also called ______

A

Synarthrotic (Synarthroses)

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10
Q

Fibrous joints are joined by ____ ______ _____ tissue

A

Dense fibrous connective tissue

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11
Q

Sutures, Syndesmoses, and Gomphoses are all types of ______ joints

A

Fibrous

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12
Q

______, a Fibrous joint, have rigid, interlocking joints containing short connective tissue fibers

A

Sutures

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13
Q

______, a fibrous joint, allow for growth during youth

A

Sutures

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14
Q

______, a fibrous joint, ossify during middle age and become synostoses.

A

Sutures

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15
Q

Sutures ossify during middle age and are then called _______

A

Synostoses

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16
Q

Sutures are found only in the ______

A

skull

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17
Q

_______, a fibrous joint, connect bones by ligaments

A

Syndesmoses

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18
Q

Ligaments are bands of _____ ____

A

Fibrous tissue

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19
Q

The movement of Syndesmoses fibrous joints varies from _______ to slightly movable(Amphiarthroses)

A

Immovable (Synarthroses)

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20
Q

Synarthrotic distal tibiofibular joint is a _________ joint

A

Syndesmoses

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21
Q

The joint “Diarthrotic interosseous”, which is a syndesmoses joint, is the connection between the ____ and _____

A

Radius and Ulna

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22
Q

_____, a type of fibrous joint, have Peg-in-socket joints of teeth in alveolar sockets

A

Gomphoses

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23
Q

Gomphoses joints have peg-in-socket joints of teeth in ______ ______

A

Alveolar sockets

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24
Q

The periodontal ligament has a _______ connection

A

Fibrous

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25
Q

Cartilaginous joints unite bones by _______

A

cartilage

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26
Q

Cartilaginous joints have two sub types:

_______ and ______

A

Synchondroses

Symphyses

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27
Q

Synchondroses and Symphyses are two types of _______ joints

A

Cartilaginous

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28
Q

In synchondroses, a bar or plate of ____ _____ unites the bones

A

hyaline cartilage

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29
Q

All cartilaginous synchondroses joints are _______ (immovable)

A

Synarthrotic

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30
Q

In Cartilaginous Symphyses, ______ ____ covers the articulating surfaces

A

Hyaline Cartilage

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31
Q

In cartilaginous Symphyses, Hyaline cartilage covers the articulating surfaces and is fused to an intervening pad of _______

A

Fibrocartilage

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32
Q

All synovial joints are ______ (free movement)

A

Diarthrotic

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33
Q

Synovial joints include all _____ _____

A

limb joints

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34
Q

Articular cartilage and the joint cavity are two distinguishing features of ______ joints

A

Synovial joints

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35
Q

Synovial joints have an articular _____

A

Capsule

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36
Q

The synovial joint articular capsule has an ___ ____ capsule of dense irregular connective tissue

A

Outer Fibrous

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37
Q

The synovial joint articular capsule has an ______ synovial membrane of loose connective tissue

A

Inner

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38
Q

“Outer fibrous capsule of dense irregular connective tissue” This describes which joint?

A

Synovial

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39
Q

“Inner synovial membrane of loose connective tissue” This describes which joint?

A

Synovial

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40
Q

Which joint has an articular capsule?

A

Synovial

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41
Q

What type of fluid lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage?

A

Synovial fluid

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42
Q

_____ fluid is viscous slippery filtrate of plasma and hyaluronic acid

A

Synovial

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43
Q

Hyaluronic acid is a mixture of ______ acid and ______

A

amino acid and glucose

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44
Q

Synovial joints have three possible types of reinforcing ligaments.
_______: Part of the fibrous capsule
_______: Outside the capsule
_______: deep to capsule, covered by the synovial membrane

A

Capsular, extracapsular, and intracapsular

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45
Q

“Part of the fibrous capsule” This describes which reinforcing ligament of synovial joints?

A

Capsular

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46
Q

“Outside the capsule” This describes which reinforcing ligament of synovial joints?

A

Extracapsular

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47
Q

“deep to capsule, covered by synovial membrane” This describes which reinforcing ligament of synovial joints?

A

Intracapsular

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48
Q

Which type of joint is rich in nerves and blood vessels?

A

Synovial

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49
Q

Nerve fibers detect ____

A

pain

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50
Q

Nerve fibers monitor ____ ____ and ______

A

joint position and stretch

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51
Q

In ______ joints, capillary beds produce filtrate for synovial fluid

A

Synovial

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52
Q

Bursae is a _______ reducing structure within synovial joints

A

Friction reducing

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53
Q

Do Bursae contain synovial fluid?

A

Yes

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54
Q

“Commonly act as ball bearings, where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together” This describes ______, found in synovial joints

A

Bursae

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55
Q

______ are flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial membranes

A

Bursae

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56
Q

Bursae are ______ sacs

A

Fibrous

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57
Q

A “Tendon sheath” is a _____ reducing structure within synovial joints

A

Friction

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58
Q

____ _____ are elongated bursas that wrap completely around a tendon in synovial joints

A

Tendon Sheaths

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59
Q

Muscle tone is a _______ factor of synovial joints because it keeps tendons that cross the joint taut.

A

Stabilizing

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60
Q

Muscle tone is extremely important in reinforcing ______ and ____ joints as well as the arches of the foot

A

shoulder and knee

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61
Q

In the movement of synovial joints, the “origin” is the attachment to the ______ bone

A

Immovable

62
Q

In the movement of synovial joints, the “insertion” is the attachment to the ______ bone

A

movable

63
Q

Muscle _______ causes the insertion to move toward the origin

A

contraction

64
Q

Muscle contraction causes the _______ to move toward the _____ (synovial joint movement)

A

insertion to move toward the origin

65
Q

In synovial joints, range of motion, ________ is slipping movement only

A

Nonaxial

66
Q

In synovial joints, range of motion, ________ is movement in one plane

A

Uniaxial

67
Q

In synovial joints, range of motion, ________ is movement in two planes

A

Biaxial

68
Q

In synovial joints, range of motion, ________ is movement in or around all three planes

A

Multiaxial

69
Q

In ______ movements, one flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface

A

Gliding

70
Q

Intercarpal and intertarsal joints are examples of _____ movements

A

Gliding

71
Q

______ movements are movement that occur along the sagittal plane

A

Angular

72
Q

______ (angular) decreases the angle of the joint

A

Flexion

73
Q

______ (angular) increases the angle of the joint

A

Extension

74
Q

______ (angular) is the excessive extension beyond normal range of motion

A

Hyperextension

75
Q

______ movements are movements that occur along the frontal plane

A

Angular

76
Q

______ (angular) is movement away from the midline

A

Abduction

77
Q

______ (angular) movement toward the midline

A

Adduction

78
Q

______ (angular) flexion + abduction of a limb so as to describe a cone in space

A

Circumduction

79
Q

_______ is the turning of a bone around its own long axis

A

Rotation

80
Q

Examples of rotation include which two vertebrae?

A

C1 and C2

81
Q

Rotation occurs with the ______ and _____

A

humerus and femur

82
Q

Supination and Pronation are _______ movements

A

Special

83
Q

Movements of the radius around the ulna is a ______ movement

A

Special

84
Q

______ (special) turning hand backward

A

Supination

85
Q

_____ (special) turning hand forward

A

Pronation

86
Q

In _______, the radius and ulna are parallel

A

Supination

87
Q

in ______, the radius rotates over ulna

A

Pronation

88
Q

Dorsiflexion and Plantar flexion are ______ movements

A

Special

89
Q

_______ is upward movement of the foot

A

Dorsiflexion

90
Q

____ ____ is downward movement of the foot

A

Plantar flexion

91
Q

______ of the foot is when the sole turns medially

A

Inversion

92
Q

_____ of the foot is when the sole turns laterally

A

Eversion

93
Q

Protraction and Retraction are ______ movements

A

Special

94
Q

______ is anterior movement in a transverse plane

A

Protraction

95
Q

_______ is posterior movement in a transverse plane

A

Retraction

96
Q

______ is lifting a body part superiorly

A

Elevation

97
Q

_____ is moving a body part inferiorly

A

Depression

98
Q

_______ of the thumb is movement in the saddle joint so that the thumb touches the tips of the other fingers “ok”

A

Opposition

99
Q

How many types of synovial joints are there?

A

Six

100
Q

Synovial joint types are based on the shape of their ______ surface

A

articular

101
Q

-Nonaxial joints
-Flat articular surfaces
-Short gliding movements
This describes the synovial ______ joints

A

Plane joints

102
Q

-Uniaxial joints
-motion along a single plane
-flexion and extension only
This describes the synovial ______ joints

A

Hinge joints

103
Q

-Rounded end of one bone conforms to a “sleeve”
-Uniaxial movement only
This describes the synovial ______ joints

A

Pivot joints

104
Q

-Biaxial joints
-Both articular surfaces are oval
-Permit all angular movements
This describes the synovial ______ joints

A

Condyloid (ellipsoidal) joints

105
Q
  • Biaxial
  • allow greater freedom of movement than condyloid joints
  • each articular surface has both concave and convex areas
A

Saddle joints

106
Q
  • Multiaxial joints

- The most freely moving synovial joints

A

Ball-and-Socket joints

107
Q

Which joint is the largest, most complex joint of the body?

A

The knee

108
Q

The _____ joint is three joints surrounded by a single joint cavity

A

Knee

109
Q

The ___________ joint is a

  • plane joint
  • allows gliding motion during knee flexion
A

Femoropatellar joint

110
Q

The lateral and medial ______ joints between the femoral condyles and the C-shaped lateral and medial menisci (semilunar cartilages) of the tibia allow

  • flexion
  • extension
  • and some rotation when knee is partly flexed
A

Tibiofemoral

111
Q

The knee joint has __ bursae

A

12

112
Q

In the knee joint, the joint capsule is _____

A

thin

113
Q

In the knee joint, the capsule is reinforced by ____ _____

A

muscle tendons

114
Q

The capsular and extracapsular ligaments in the knee joint help prevent ________

A

hyperextension

115
Q

The intracapsular ligaments in the knee prevent _____-_____ displacement

A

Anterior-posterior

116
Q

Anterior and posterior intracapsular ligaments in the knee joint ______ ligaments

A

Cruciate

117
Q

The shoulder joint is also called the

A

Glenohumeral

118
Q

The shoulder joint is a __-and-____ joint

A

Ball and socket joint

119
Q

In the shoulder joint, the ball and socket part are the head of the ______ and the glenoid fossa of the ______

A

humerus and scapula

120
Q

The elbow joint is where the ___ and ____ articulate with the _____

A

Radius; ulna and humerus

121
Q

The elbow joint is a _____ joint

A

Hinge

122
Q

The elbow joint is formed mainly by the trochlear notch of the _____ and trochlea of _____

A

Ulna and humerus

123
Q

The elbow joint has _____ and extension only

A

Flexion

124
Q

TMJ is the ____ joint

A

Temporomandibular joint

125
Q

Which joint dislocates the easiest?

A

TMJ

126
Q

What two types of movement does the TMJ joint have?

A

Hinge and Gliding

127
Q

In the TM joint, the mandibular condyle articulates with the _____ bone

A

Temporal

128
Q

Sprains area common _____ injury

A

Joint

129
Q

In a sprain, the ligaments are ____ or _____

A

Stretched or town

130
Q

With a sprain, partial tears _____ repair themselves

A

Slowly

131
Q

Cartilage tears are due to _____ and _____ stress

A

Compression and shear

132
Q

Cartilage tears ____ repairs itself

A

Rarely

133
Q

Dislocations occur when bones are forces out of _______

A

Alignment

134
Q

Dislocations are accompanied by sprains, ______, and joint ________

A

Inflammation and joint immobilization

135
Q

______ is a partial dislocation of a joint

A

Subluxation

136
Q

Inflammation of a bursa is called ____

A

Bursitis

137
Q

Inflammation of tendon sheaths is called _____

A

Tendonitis

138
Q

Arthritis has ____ forms and ____ forms

A

Acute and chronic

139
Q

Acute arthritis is cased by _____

A

Bacteria

140
Q

Chronic arthritis is caused by _______, rheumatoid arthritis, and gouty arthritis

A

osteoarthritis

141
Q

Which arthritis is Common, irreversible, and degenerative?

A

Osteoarthritis

142
Q

Which arthritis has cartilage that is destroyed and not replaces?

A

Osteo

143
Q

“exposed bone ends thicken, enlarge, form bone spurs, and restrict movement” this is ______ arthritis

A

Osteo

144
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis is treated by ______ or ________

A

Anti-inflammatory drugs or immunosuprressants

145
Q

Which arthritis has deposition of uric acid crystals?

A

Gouty

146
Q

Gouty arthritis typically affects the joint at the base of the _____

A

Toe

147
Q

Treatment of Gouty arthritis

A

Water, avoid, alcohol, decrease sugar intake

148
Q

Lyme disease is caused by _____ transmitted by tick bites

A

Bacteria

149
Q

Symptoms of Lyme disease?

A

SKin, rash, flu-like, foggy thinking

150
Q

TRue or false, lyme disease can lead to joint pain and arthritis?

A

True

151
Q

Treatment of lyme disease?

A

Antibiotics

Anatomy and physiology I lecture (14 decks)

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