ITTO and Calculations (ALL) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in ITTO and Calculations (ALL) Deck (204)
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1
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Estimate Activity Resources

A

Project Time Management

2
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Define Activities

A

Project Time Management

3
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Define Scope

A

Project Scope Management

4
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Manage Communications

A

Project Communications Management

5
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Identify Stakeholders

A

Project Stakeholder Management

6
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Create WBS

A

Project Scope Management

7
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Monitor and Control Project Work

A

Project Integration Management

8
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Control Communications

A

Project Communications Management

9
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis

A

Project Risk Management

10
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Manage Stakeholder Engagement

A

Project Stakeholder Management

11
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Sequence Activities

A

Project Time Management

12
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Plan Risk Management

A

Project Risk Management

13
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Control Procurements

A

Project Procurement Management

14
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Control Quality

A

Project Quality Management

15
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Control Schedule

A

Project Time Management

16
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Plan Stakeholder Management

A

Project Stakeholder Management

17
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Plan Schedule Management

A

Project Time Management

18
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Manage Project Team

A

Project Human Resource Management

19
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Plan Scope Management

A

Project Scope Management

20
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Acquire Project Team

A

Project Human Resource Management

21
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Estimate Activity Durations

A

Project Time Management

22
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Validate Scope

A

Project Scope Management

23
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Collect Requirements

A

Project Scope Management

24
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Develop Project Team

A

Project Human Resource Management

25
Q

Develop Project Management Plan

A

Project Integration Management

26
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Estimate Costs

A

Project Cost Management

27
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Plan Risk Responses

A

Project Risk Management

28
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Control Scope

A

Project Scope Management

29
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Develop Project Charter

A

Project Integration Management

30
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Perform Integrated Change Control

A

Project Integration Management

31
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Plan Human Resource Management

A

Project Human Resource Management

32
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Close Project or Phase

A

Project Integration Management

33
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Conduct Procurements

A

Project Procurement Management

34
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Control Costs

A

Project Cost Management

35
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis

A

Project Risk Management

36
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Plan Procurement Management

A

Project Procurement Management

37
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Direct and Manage Project Work

A

Project Integration Management

38
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Develop Schedule

A

Project Time Management

39
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Control Risks

A

Project Risk Management

40
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Plan Quality Management

A

Project Quality Management

41
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Close Procurements

A

Project Procurement Management

42
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Control Stakeholder Engagement

A

Project Stakeholder Management

43
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Identify Risks

A

Project Risk Management

44
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Plan Communications Management

A

Project Communications Management

45
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Determine Budget

A

Project Cost Management

46
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Perform Quality Assurance

A

Project Quality Management

47
Q

Which Knowledge Area? Plan Cost Management

A

Project Cost Management

48
Q

Inputs: Plan Risk Responses

A

Risk management planRisk register

49
Q

Inputs: Identify Risks

A

Risk management planCost management planSchedule management planQuality management plan Human resource management planScope baselineActivity cost estimatesActivity duration estimatesStakeholder registerProject documentsProcurement documentsEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

50
Q

Inputs: Plan Human Resource Management

A

Project management plan Activity resource requirementsEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

51
Q

Inputs: Create WBS

A

Scope management planProject scope statementRequirements documentation Enterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

52
Q

Inputs: Perform Quality Assurance

A

Quality management plan Process improvement planQuality metricsQuality control measurementsProject documents

53
Q

Inputs: Conduct Procurements

A

Procurement management planProcurement documentsSource selection criteria Seller proposalsProject documentsMake-or-buy decisionsProcurement statement of workOrganizational process assets

54
Q

Inputs: Direct and Manage Project Work

A

Project management plan Approved change requestsEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

55
Q

Inputs: Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis

A

Risk management planScope baselineRisk registerEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

56
Q

Inputs: Plan Procurement Management

A

Project management planRequirements documentationRisk registerActivity resource requirementsProject scheduleActivity cost estimatesStakeholder registerEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

57
Q

Inputs: Plan Stakeholder Management

A

Project management planStakeholder registerEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

58
Q

Inputs: Develop Project Management Plan

A

Project charterOutputs from other processesEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

59
Q

Inputs: Close Project or Phase

A

Project management planAccepted deliverablesOrganizational process assets

60
Q

Inputs: Control Schedule

A

Project management planProject scheduleWork performance dataProject calendarsSchedule dataOrganizational process assets

61
Q

Inputs: Plan Risk Management

A

Project management planProject charterStakeholder registerEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

62
Q

Inputs: Validate Scope

A

Project management planRequirements documentationRequirements traceability matrixVerified deliverablesWork performance data

63
Q

Inputs: Collect Requirements

A

Scope management planRequirements management planStakeholder management planProject charterStakeholder register

64
Q

Inputs: Control Quality

A

Project management planQuality metricsQuality checklistsWork performance dataApproved change requestsDeliverablesProject documentsOrganizational process assets

65
Q

Inputs: Determine Budget

A

Cost management planScope baselineActivity cost estimatesBasis of estimatesProject scheduleResource calendarsRisk registerAgreementsOrganizational process assets

66
Q

Inputs: Control Scope

A

Project management planRequirements documentationRequirements traceability matrixWork performance dataOrganizational process assets

67
Q

Inputs: Plan Quality Management

A

Project management planStakeholder registerRisk registerRequirements documentationEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

68
Q

Inputs: Control Stakeholder Engagement

A

Project management plan

Issue log

Work performance data

Project documents

69
Q

Inputs: Plan Scope Management

A

Project management planProject charterEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

70
Q

Inputs: Define Scope

A

Scope management planProject charterRequirements documentationOrganizational process assets

71
Q

Inputs: Identify Stakeholders

A

Project charterProcurement documentsEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

72
Q

Inputs: Develop Project Charter

A

Project statement of work Business case Agreements Enterprise environmental factors Organizational process assets

73
Q

Inputs: Plan Cost Management

A

Project management planProject charterEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

74
Q

Inputs: Control Costs

A

Project management planProject funding requirementsWork performance dataOrganizational process assets

75
Q

Inputs: Acquire Project Team

A

Human resource management planEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

76
Q

Inputs: Manage Communications

A

Communications management planWork performance reportsEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

77
Q

Inputs: Plan Communications Management

A

Project management planStakeholder registerEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

78
Q

Inputs: Develop Project Team

A

Human resource management planProject staff assignments Resource calendars

79
Q

Inputs: Perform Integrated Change Control

A

Project management planWork performance reportsChange requestsEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

80
Q

Inputs: Monitor and Control Project Work

A

Project management planSchedule forecastsCost forecastsValidated changesWork performance informationEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

81
Q

Inputs: Estimate Activity Resources

A

Schedule management planActivity listActivity attributesResource calendarsRisk registerActivity cost estimatesEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

82
Q

Inputs: Develop Schedule

A

Schedule management planActivity listActivity attributesProject schedule network diagramsActivity resource requirementsResource calendarsActivity duration estimatesProject scope statementRisk registerProject staff assignmentsResource breakdown structureEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

83
Q

Inputs: Estimate Activity Durations

A

Schedule management plan

Activity list

Activity attributes

Activity resource requirements

Resource calendars

Project scope statement

Risk register

Resource breakdown structure

Enterprise environmental factors

Organizational process assets

84
Q

Inputs: Estimate Costs

A

Cost management planHuman resource management planScope baselineProject scheduleRisk registerEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

85
Q

Inputs: Control Risks

A

Project management planRisk registerWork performance dataWork performance reports

86
Q

Inputs: Control Procurements

A

Project management plan Procurement documents AgreementsApproved change requestsWork performance reportsWork performance data

87
Q

Inputs: Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis

A

Risk management planCost management planSchedule management planRisk registerEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

88
Q

Inputs: Sequence Activities

A

Schedule management planActivity listActivity attributesMilestone listProject scope statementEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

89
Q

Inputs: Define Activities

A

Schedule management planScope baselineEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

90
Q

Inputs: Manage Project Team

A

Human resource management planProject staff assignmentsTeam performance assessmentsIssue logWork performance reportsOrganizational process assets

91
Q

Inputs: Control Communications

A

Project management planProject communications Issue logWork performance dataOrganizational process assets

92
Q

Inputs: Plan Schedule Management

A

Project management plan Project charterEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

93
Q

Inputs: Close Procurements

A

Project management plan Procurement documents

94
Q

Inputs: Manage Stakeholder Engagement

A

Stakeholder management planCommunications management planChange logOrganizational process assets

95
Q

Develop Project Charter

A

Expert judgment

Facilitation techniques

96
Q

Tools & Techniques: Develop Project Management Plan

A

Expert judgment

Facilitation techniques

97
Q

Tools & Techniques: Direct and Manage Project Work

A

Expert judgment

Project management information system

Meetings

98
Q

Tools & Techniques: Monitor and Control Project Work

A

Expert judgment

Analytical techniques

Project management information system

Meetings

99
Q

Tools & Techniques: Perform Integrated Change Control

A

Expert judgment

Meetings

Change control tools

100
Q

Tools & Techniques: Close Project or Phase

A

Expert judgment

Analytical techniques

Meetings

101
Q

Tools & Techniques: Plan Scope Management

A

Expert judgment

Meetings

102
Q

Tools & Techniques: Collect Requirements

A

Interviews

Focus groups

Facilitated workshops

Group creativity techniques

Group decision-making techniques

Questionnaires and surveys

Observations

Prototypes

Benchmarking

Context diagrams

Document analysis

103
Q

Tools & Techniques: Define Scope

A

Expert judgment

Product analysis

Alternatives generation

Facilitated workshops

104
Q

Tools & Techniques: Create WBS

A

Decomposition

Expert judgment

105
Q

Tools & Techniques: Validate Scope

A

Inspection

Group decision-making techniques

106
Q

Tools & Techniques: Control Scope

A

Variance analysis

107
Q

Tools & Techniques: Plan Schedule Management

A

Expert judgment

Analytical techniques

Meetings

108
Q

Tools & Techniques: Define Activities

A

Decomposition

Rolling wave planning

Expert judgment

109
Q

Tools & Techniques: Sequence Activities

A

Precedence diagramming method (PDM)

Dependency determination

Leads and lags

110
Q

Tools & Techniques: Estimate Activity Resources

A

Expert judgment

Alternative analysis

Published estimating data

Bottom-up estimating

Project management software

111
Q

Tools & Techniques: Estimate Activity Durations

A

Expert judgment

Analogous estimating

Parametric estimating

Three-point estimating

Group decision-making techniques

Reserve analysis

112
Q

Tools & Techniques: Develop Schedule

A

Schedule network analysis

Critical path method

Critical chain method

Resource optimization techniques

Modeling techniques

Leads and lags

Schedule compression

Scheduling tool

113
Q

Tools & Techniques: Control Schedule

A

Performance reviews

Project management software

Resource optimization techniques

Modeling techniques

Leads and lags

Schedule compression

Scheduling tool

114
Q

Tools & Techniques: Plan Cost Management

A

Expert judgment

Analytical techniques

Meetings

115
Q

Tools & Techniques: Estimate Costs

A

Expert judgment

Analogous estimating

Parametric estimating

Bottom-up estimating

Three-point estimating

Reserve analysis

Cost of quality

Project management software

Vendor bid analysis

Group decision-making techniques

116
Q

Tools & Techniques: Determine Budget

A

Cost aggregation

Reserve analysis

Expert judgment

Historical relationships

Funding limit reconciliation

117
Q

Tools & Techniques: Control Costs

A

Earned value management

Forecasting

To-complete performance index (TCPI)

Performance reviews

Project management software

Reserve analysis

118
Q

Tools & Techniques: Plan Quality Management

A

Cost-benefit analysis

Cost of quality

Seven basic quality tools

Benchmarking

Design of experiments

Statistical sampling

Additional quality planning tools

Meetings

119
Q

Tools & Techniques: Perform Quality Assurance

A

Quality management and control tools

Quality audits

Process analysis

120
Q

Tools & Techniques: Control Quality

A

Seven basic quality tools

Statistical sampling

Inspection

Approved change requests review

121
Q

Tools & Techniques: Plan Human Resource Management

A

Organization charts and position descriptions

Networking

Organizational theory

Expert judgment

Meetings

122
Q

Tools & Techniques: Acquire Project Team

A

Pre-assignment

Negotiation

Acquisition

Virtual teams

Mutti-criteria decision analysis

123
Q

Tools & Techniques: Develop Project Team

A

Interpersonal skills

Training

Team-building activities

Ground rules

Colocation

Recognition and rewards

Personnel assessment tools

124
Q

Tools & Techniques: Manage Project Team

A

Observation and conversation

Project performance appraisals

Conflict management Interpersonal skills

125
Q

Tools & Techniques: Plan Communications Management

A

Communication requirements analysis

Communication technology

Communication models

Communication methods

Meetings

126
Q

Tools & Techniques: Manage Communications

A

Communication technology

Communication models

Communication methods Information management systems

Performance reporting

127
Q

Tools & Techniques: Control Communications

A

Information management systems

Expert judgment

Meetings

128
Q

Tools & Techniques: Plan Risk Management

A

Analytical techniques

Expert judgment

Meetings

129
Q

Tools & Techniques: Identify Risks

A

Documentation reviews

Information gathering techniques

Checklist analysis

Assumptions analysis

Diagramming techniques

SWOT analysis

Expert judgment

130
Q

Tools & Techniques: Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis

A

Risk probability and impact assessment

Probability and impact matrix

Risk data quality assessment

Risk categorization

Risk urgency assessment

Expert judgment

131
Q

Tools & Techniques: Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis

A

Data gathering and representation techniques

Quantitative risk analysis and modeling techniques

Expert judgment

132
Q

Tools & Techniques: Plan Risk Responses

A

Strategies for negative risks or threats

Strategies for positive risks or opportunities

Contingent response strategies

Expert judgment

133
Q

Tools & Techniques: Control Risks

A

Risk reassessment

Risk audits

Variance and trend analysis

Technical performance measurement

Reserve analysis

Meetings

134
Q

Tools & Techniques: Plan Procurement Management

A

Make-or-buy analysis

Expert judgment

Market research

Meetings

135
Q

Tools & Techniques: Conduct Procurements

A

Bidder conference

Proposal evaluation techniques

Independent estimates

Expert judgment

Advertising

Analytical techniques

Procurement negotiations

136
Q

Tools & Techniques: Control Procurements

A

Contract change control system

Procurement performance reviews

Inspections and audits

Payment systems

Claims administration

Records management system

Performance reporting

137
Q

Tools & Techniques: Close Procurements

A

Procurement audits

Procurement negotiations

Records management system

138
Q

Tools & Techniques: Identify Stakeholders

A

Stakeholder analysis

Expert judgment

Meetings

139
Q

Tools & Techniques: Plan Stakeholder Management

A

Expert judgment

Meetings

Analytical techniques

140
Q

Tools & Techniques: Manage Stakeholder Engagement

A

Communication methods

Interpersonal skills

Management skills

141
Q

Tools & Techniques: Control Stakeholder Engagement

A

Information management systems

Expert judgment

Meetings

142
Q

Outputs: Validate Scope

A

Accepted deliverablesChange requestsWork performance information Project documents updates.

143
Q

Outputs: Manage Communications

A

Project communicationsProject management plan updatesProject documents updatesOrganisational process assets updates

144
Q

Outputs: Plan Risk Responses

A

Project management plan updatesProject documents updates

145
Q

Outputs: Control Schedule

A

Work performance informationSchedule forecastsChange requestsProject management plan updatesProject documents updatesOrganizational process assets updates

146
Q

Outputs: Plan Quality Management

A

Quality management planProcess improvement planQuality metricsQuality checklistsProject documents updates

147
Q

Outputs: Control Scope

A

Work performance information Change requestsProject management plan updatesProject documents updatesOrganizational process assets updates

148
Q

Outputs: Direct and Manage Project Work

A

DeliverablesWork performance dataChange requestsProject management plan updatesProject documents updates

149
Q

Outputs: Plan Stakeholder Management

A

Stakeholder management planProject documents updates

150
Q

Outputs: Plan Scope Management

A

Scope management plan Requirements management plan

151
Q

Outputs: Conduct Procurements

A

Selected sellersAgreementsResource calendarsChange requestsProject management plan updatesProject documents updates

152
Q

Outputs: Create WBS

A

Scope baselineProject documents updates

153
Q

Outputs: Define Activities

A

Activity listActivity attributesMilestone list

154
Q

Outputs: Plan Procurement Management

A

Procurement management planProcurement statement of workProcurement documentsSource selection criteriaMake-or-buy decisionsChange requestsProject documents updates

155
Q

Outputs: Plan Schedule Management

A

Schedule management plan

156
Q

Outputs: Control Stakeholder Engagement

A

Work performance informationChange requestsProject management plan updatesProject documents updatesOrganizational process assets updates

157
Q

Outputs: Plan Risk Management

A

Risk management plan

158
Q

Outputs: Determine Budget

A

Cost baselineProject funding requirementsProject documents updates

159
Q

Outputs: Close Procurements

A

Closed procurementsOrganizational process assets updates

160
Q

Outputs: Identify Stakeholders

A

Stakeholder register

161
Q

Outputs: Perform Quality Assurance

A

Change requestsProject management plan updatesProject documents updatesOrganizational process assets updates

162
Q

Outputs: Develop Schedule

A

Schedule baselineProject scheduleSchedule dataProject calendarsProject management plan updatesProject documents updates

163
Q

Outputs: Estimate Activity Resources

A

Activity resource requirementsResource breakdown structureProject documents updates

164
Q

Outputs: Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis

A

Project documents updates

165
Q

Outputs: Control Risks

A

Work performance informationChange requestsProject management plan updatesProject documents updatesOrganizational process assets updates

166
Q

Outputs: Close Project or Phase

A

Final product, service, or result transitionOrganizational process assets updates

167
Q

Outputs: Estimate Costs

A

Activity cost estimatesBasis of estimatesProject documents updates

168
Q

Outputs: Define Scope

A

Project scope statementProject documents updates

169
Q

Outputs: Sequence Activities

A

Project schedule network diagramsProject documents updates

170
Q

Outputs: Plan Cost Management

A

Cost management plan

171
Q

Outputs: Collect Requirements

A

Requirements documentationRequirements traceability matrix

172
Q

Outputs: Control Costs

A

Work performance informationCost forecastsChange requestsProject management plan updatesProject documents updatesOrganizational process assets updates

173
Q

Outputs: Estimate Activity Durations

A

Activity duration estimatesProject documents updates

174
Q

Outputs: Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis

A

Project documents updates

175
Q

Outputs: Acquire Project Team

A

Project staff assignmentsResource calendarsProject management plan updates

176
Q

Outputs: Control Quality

A

Quality control measurementsValidated changesValidated deliverablesWork performance informationChange requestsProject management plan updatesProject documents updatesOrganizational process assets updates

177
Q

Outputs: Perform Integrated Change Control

A

Approved change requestsChange logProject management plan updatesProject documents updates

178
Q

Outputs: Control Procurements

A

Work performance informationChange requestsProject management plan updatesProject documents updatesOrganizational process assets updates

179
Q

Outputs: Control Communications

A

Work performance informationChange requestsProject management plan updatesProject documents updatesOrganizational process assets updates

180
Q

Outputs: Plan Communications Management

A

Communications management planProject documents updates

181
Q

Outputs: Develop Project Management Plan

A

Project management plan

182
Q

Outputs: Plan Human Resource Management

A

Human resource management plan

183
Q

Outputs: Monitor and Control Project Work

A

Change requestsWork performance reportsProject management plan updatesProject documents updates

184
Q

Outputs: Identify Risks

A

Risk register

185
Q

Outputs: Develop Project Team

A

Team performance assessmentsEnterprise environmental factors updates

186
Q

Outputs: Manage Project Team

A

Change requestsProject management plan updatesProject documents updatesEnterprise environmental factors updatesOrganizational process assets updates

187
Q

Outputs: Develop Project Charter

A

Project charter

188
Q

Outputs: Manage Stakeholder Engagement

A

Issue logChange requestsProject management plan updatesProject documents updatesOrganizational process assets updates

189
Q

Cost Performance Index (CPI)

A

CPI=EV/AC(Hint: Index is something divided by something)< 1 Over budget= 1 On budget> 1 Under budget

190
Q

To-Complete Performance Index (TCPI) (Using EAC)

A

TCPI=(BAC-EV)/(EAC-AC)(Hint: What’s left to do divided by predicted amount of cash left)< 1 Under budget= 1 On budget> 1 Over budget

191
Q

Earned Value (EV)

A

EV=% complete x BAC

192
Q

Float/Slack

A

LS-ESLS = Late startES = Early startLF – EFLF = Late finishEF = Early finish= 0 On critical path< 0 Behind schedule

193
Q

Estimate at Complete (EAC)

A

EAC=BAC/CPI(Hint: Account for pennies lost on the dollar)

194
Q

To-Complete Performance Index (TCPI) (Using BAC)

A

TCPI=(BAC-EV)/(BAC-AC)(Hint: What’s left to do divided by what cash is left)< 1 Under budget= 1 On budget> 1 Over budget

195
Q

Standard Deviation

A

(P-O)/6O= Optimistic estimateP= Pessimistic estimate

196
Q

Variance at Completion (VAC)

A

VAC=BAC-EAC< 0 Over budget= 0 On budget> 0 Under budget

197
Q

Estimate to Complete (ETC)

A

ETC=EAC-AC(Hint: How much more do you need?)

198
Q

PERT Estimation

A

(O+4M+P)/6O= Optimistic estimateM= Most Likely estimateP= Pessimistic estimate

199
Q

Schedule Variance (SV)

A

SV=EV-PV(Hint: Variance is something minus something)< 0 Behind schedule= 0 On schedule> 0 Ahead of schedule

200
Q

Planned Value (PV)

A

PV=% planned completion (Hint: someone always had to tell you where you are int he project)

201
Q

Cost Variance (CV)

A

CV=EV-AC(Hint: EV always comes first)< 0 Over budget= 0 On budget> 0 Within budget

202
Q

Schedule Performance Variance (SPI)

A

SPI=EV/PV(Hint: Schedule always uses planned value. Costs are always actual costs)< 1 behind schedule= 1 on schedule> 1 ahead of schedule

203
Q

Five EVM Rules to Memorize

A
  1. Always start with earned value.
  2. Variance means subtraction.
  3. Indexes are “something” divided by “something” and they show
    performance for the project objectives.
  4. When it comes to any index, the closer to 1 the better.
  5. Variances can be positive or negative.
204
Q

Communication channels formula

A

N(N-1)/2, where N represents the number of stakeholders