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Ancient & Medieval World Cultures > Islam > Flashcards

Islam Flashcards

1
Q

Islam got its start in the city of ___ in what is now ___.

A

Mecca, Saudi Arabia

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2
Q

In 610 A.D. a merchant named ___ had a religious vision.

A

Mohammad

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3
Q

The speed in which ___ spread is one of the most amazing stories in ___ history.

A

Islam, World

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4
Q

Islam flourished in a mercantile ___ that generated a lot of wealth and a gracious, ___, and ___ culture developed, centered in the cities of Bagdad and ___.

A

milieu,
sophisticated, cosmopolitan
Cordoba

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5
Q

Bedouin

A

Nomadic tribes who moved from place to place, grazing their sheep goats and camels

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6
Q

Kaba

A

A temple containing a black stone thought to be a god’s dwelling place

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7
Q

Muhammad was a merchant who gained wealth when he married a widow named___

A

Khadija

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8
Q

When Muhammad was about the age of ___, near Mecca, he had a vision of and angelic being who commanded him to preach the revelations that God would be sending him.

A

40

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9
Q

Muhammad urged the people of Mecca to give up their ___ and submit to the one ___ God.

A

idols, invisible

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10
Q

In 651 Muslims published a book known as the ___ and this became the sacred book of the religion of Islam.

A

Qu’ran

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11
Q

Islam is a strict ___ faith.

A

monotheistic

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12
Q

The word Islam means___, and a person who submits is called a ___.

A

surrender to God,

Muslim

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13
Q

According to the Qu’ran, ___is the last in a series of prophets that included Abraham, Moses and Jesus.

A

Muhammad

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14
Q

What are the 5 pillars of Islam

A
  1. Profession of Faith
  2. Pray 5 times a day
  3. Observe Ramadan
  4. Make Hajj
  5. Zakat (alms)
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15
Q

When the people of Mecca turned against Muhammad, he and his followers moved to the city of ___ in 622 A.D This emigration is called the ___.

A

Medina

Hijra

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16
Q

By 632 Muhammad had welded together all the ___ tribes.

A

Bedouin

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17
Q

Muhammad’s consolidation of power created the sense of unified __ or community

A

umma

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18
Q

Islam developed in a context in which the Byzantine Empire stood for ___ culture and championed ___ and in which the Sassanid Empire espoused ___cultural traditions and favored the religious faith known as ___.

A

Hellenistic
Christianity
Persian
Zoroastrianism.

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19
Q

When the Byzantine and Szassanid Empires came into conflict with each other the resulting disorder facilitated the growth of ___ states.

A

Muslim

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20
Q

Islam spread to the north, east and west where in 711 A.D. Islamic forces defeated the Visigothic kingdom of ___ and controlled most of it until the 13th century

A

Spain

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21
Q

Islamic advances in to France were stopped in the year ___A.D. when the ___ defeated the Muslim invaders near the city of Tours

A

7321, Franks

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22
Q

By the 11th century the crescent of Islam flew from the __ heartlands to norther ___.

A

Iberian, India

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23
Q

A key concept that inspired the spread of Islam was the idea of a ___, or holy war, which is not precisely explained in the Qu’ran, an its exact meaning is greatly debated with somescholars claiming it refers to ___ struggle against sin, while other scholars claim it means a ___ against unbeliever.

A

Jihad, individual, holy

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24
Q

Given the context in which Islam developed, the Qu’ran sought to ___ the social position of women.

A

improve

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25
Q

Modern scholars claim that the Islamic sacred book intended women as the ___ equals of men and gave them considerable ___ rights. However, this interpretation did not last and eventually the precepts of the Qu’ran were interpreted in more patriarchal ways.

A

spiritual, economical

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26
Q

Additional interpretations to the Qu’ran categorized ways in which ___ were superior to ___.

A

men, women

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27
Q

In present-day Muslim cultures, the veiling and ___ of women are sensitive issues.

A

seclusion

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28
Q

By the year 800, ___ in more prosperous households stayed out of sight.

A

women

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29
Q

A Sunni aphorism states “there shall be no ___ in Islam” and Muslims came to believe that a sexually frustrated person is dangerous to the ___.

A

monkery, community

30
Q

In Muslim society marriage is too important to be left to the ___ emotions of the young.

A

romantic

31
Q

As to family life, a Muslim tradition asserts that “Paradise is at the ___ feet.”

A

Mother’s

32
Q

While Muslim law permits ___, it is easy to see that it is discouraged. The Qur’an permits a man to have ___ wives provided that all are treated justly.

A

divorce, four

33
Q

In the period from 1000 - 1500 Islam looked favorably toward ___-making enterprises, which was not the case int the Christian West and Confucian East

A

profit

34
Q

The Islamic world made good use of waterways to trade deep into Russia and the city of ___ in Egypt.

A

Cairo

35
Q

___ became the major entry point for intercontinental trade.

A

Egypt

36
Q

The business practices of the Islamic world included use of the sakk, and Arabic word that is the root of the English word ___, and use of a bill of ___ and the idea of a joint-___company.

A

check
exchange
stock

37
Q

The medieval Muslim economy had ___ features

A

capitalistic

38
Q

A sophisticated culture was developing in the cities of the Muslim world, and the cities of ___ and ___.

A

Baghdad, Cordoba

39
Q

As a result of Muslim creativity and vitality, modern scholars consider about 900 to 1300 one of the most ___ periods in the world’s history.

A

brilliant

40
Q

By the late 10th century, Muslims came to view a Christian, however much assimilated as an unbeliever, and the word carried a ___ connotation.

A

perjorative

41
Q

A Muslim who converted to Christianity immediately incurred a sentence of ___.

A

death

42
Q

On the other hand, European’s perceptions of Islam as a ___ helped inspire the ___ of the 11th - 13th centuries

A

menace, Crusades

43
Q

Medieval attitudes toward Islam deteriorated to the point that Christian literature portrayed Muslims as the most dreadful of Europe’s ___, and Dante consigned Muhammad to the ninth circle of hell as a spreader of ___ and ___.

A

enemies, discord, scandal

44
Q

Today nearly ___% of the world’s population proclaims the religion of Islam, and it is a dominant religion on ___ continents.

A

25, 3

45
Q

In the West there is a lot of ___ and ___ toward Islam, but it is also true that Islamic scholars kept the learning of the ___ civilizations alive while Europe suffered through the so-called ___.

A

fear, misunderstanding,
ancient,
dark ages

46
Q

Muhammad was born in ___ A.D. and spent his early life in the city of ___.

A

570, Mecca

47
Q

At the age of 6 he was ___, which probably made him sympathetic to outsiders.

A

orphaned

48
Q

He was born into the context of ___ society, which featured an ___ culture, and a lot of ___ between tribes, especially over access to ___.

A

tribal
oral
warfare
water

49
Q

Each tribal faction had its own ___.

A

gods

50
Q

In Mecca, the ___ was a sacred location where various idols wee venerated. Tradition claimed it was built by ___ the original prophet of the Hebrew Old Testament.

A

Ka’bah, Abraham

51
Q

When tribes approached the Ka’bah they laid down their ___.

A

weapons

52
Q

Mecca was a key cultural and economic center and served as the connection between the Mediterranean ___ and the ___ Ocean, linking ___ and ___ to ___ and ___.

A 
Sea
Indian
Byzantium
Persia
India
China
53
Q

When Muhammad was 25 years old a wealthy widow name ___ proposed marriage. This relationship enabled Muhammad to become a successful merchant and the making of ___ was always respected in subsequent Muslim culture.

A

Khadija, profits

54
Q

Muhammad gained a reputation as “The ___ One” as he often meditated disputes.

A

Trusted

55
Q

When Muhammad was about ___ years old he had a vision and his prophetic career got started.

A

40

56
Q

Muhammad’s message: Give you your ___ because there is only ___ God. This social implication was radical: one God meant one ___, so all tribal division had to end.

A

idols, one, peopler

57
Q

Muhammad’s prophetic message was linked to social ___, and the notion of the ___ of all.

A

justia, equality

58
Q

Those who accepted the message were called ___, meaning those who have surrendered to God.

A

Muslims

59
Q

Around 650 A.D., Muslims decided that Muhammad’s teaching must be written down and the result was the ___.

A

Qur’an

60
Q

Muslims rejected the use of ___ or images to depict God, and when asked about Muhammad’s miracles responded by claiming that the Qur’an was the ___.

A

sculpture, miracle

61
Q

In 619 A.D., Muhammad’s ___and ___died and he and his followers were being pressured out of Mecca.

A

Wife, uncle

62
Q

In 622 A.D. Muhammad and his band of followers traveled to another city, and this is known as the ___.

A

Hijrah

63
Q

As Muhammad gained stature the city became known as ___, the city of the prophet.

A

Medina

64
Q

As a religion, Islam respects Judaism and Christianity as people of the ___ with Muhammad as the last ___ in tradition that goes back to Abraham and includes Jesus.

A

book, prophet

65
Q

A revelation called for prater toward the ____

A

Ka’bah

66
Q

The conflict between Mecca and Medina featured ___ bloody battles and __ years of war. Eventually the Muslims had ___ troops poised to conquer Mecca. Muhammad’s forces broke with tradition when they did not exact ___ but instead they destroyed the old ___ of the various ___ tribes.

A 
3, 3
10,000
revenge
idols
bedouin
67
Q

Within ___ years a major Islamic ___ was in place, and within ___ years it controlled an area from ___ in the West to ___ in the East including ___ of the Byzantine Empire.

A

50, empire
200
Spain, China
2/3

68
Q

Reasons for Islam’s rapid advance included discontentment with the ___ that the conquered peoples had been living in, and the amount of ___ that was granted to conquered peoples.

A

freedom, regimes

69
Q

Islam was free of ___, and this was attractive to people who felt that the Christian clergy were becoming corrupt and abusing their power and influence.

A

clergy

70
Q

The Islamic Empire also offered ___ in a vacuum created when the ___ had collapsed.

A

solidarity, Roman Empire

Ancient & Medieval World Cultures (17 decks)

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