Ischemic Heart Disease 2 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Ischemic Heart Disease 2 Deck (22)
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1
Q

What is ultrasonography of the common and internal carotid arteries used for?

A

a noninvasive measure of arterial wall anatomy that may be performed repeatedly and reliably in asymptomatic individuals

2
Q

What is the combined thickness of the intima and media of the carotid artery is associated with?

A

the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and disease and an increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke

3
Q

What are doppler velocity probes used for?

A

most widely applied technique for measuring coronary flow in humans

4
Q

What does the doppler guidewire detect and track?

A

measures phasic flow velocity patterns and tracks linearly with flow rates in small, straight coronary arteries

5
Q

What are the indication for doppler velocity probes?

A

determining the severity of intermediate stenosis (40-60%)

6
Q

What does a doppler velocity probe help evaluate?

A

whether normal blood flow has been restored after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

7
Q

What are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?

A
  • lower LDL-C levels

- also lower triglyceride levels and raise serum HDL levels

8
Q

What is an example of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?

A

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

9
Q

What are Bile Acid Sequestrants?

A

block enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and increase the fecal loss of cholesterol

10
Q

What is an example of Bile Acid Sequestrants?

A

Cholestyramine (Questran, LoCholest, Prevalite)

11
Q

What are Calcium channel blockers?

A
  • relaxes coronary smooth muscle and produces coronary vasodilation
  • in turn improves myocardial oxygen delivery
12
Q

What is an example of Calcium channel blockers?

A

Amlodipine (Norvasc)

13
Q

What are ACE inhibitors?

A

Hypertension and atherosclerosis may be intimately linked through their effects on vascular endothelial dysfunction

14
Q

What is an example of ACE inhibitors?

A
  • Captopril (Capoten)
  • enalapril (Vasotec)
  • lisinopril (Zestril)
15
Q

What are Beta blockers?

A
  1. inhibit sympathetic stimulation of the heart, reducing heart rate and contractility
  2. this can decrease myocardial oxygen demand and thus prevent or relieve angina in patients with CAD
16
Q

What are antianginal agents?

A
  1. Ranolazine is a novel antianginal agent
  2. relieve ischemia by reducing myocardial cellular sodium and calcium overload via inhibition of the late sodium current of the cardiac action potential
17
Q

What are platelet aggregate inhibitors?

A

May exert protection against atherosclerosis through inhibition of platelet function and through changes in the hemorrhagic profile

18
Q

What is an example of platelet aggregate inhibitors?

A
  • Clopidogrel

- Aspirin

19
Q

What are nitrates?

A
  1. effective in the treatment of acute anginal symptoms
  2. in this situation, they are usually given sublingually
  3. primary anti-ischemic effect of nitrates is to decrease myocardial oxygen demand by producing systemic vasodilation
20
Q

What is percutaneous coronary intervention in revascularization therapies?

A
  • Involves angiography and stent placement:
    1. Common to treat stable CAD
    2. Improves blood flow by placing a stent and compressing the plaque
21
Q

What is CABG in revascularization therapies?

A
  1. A vessel from another part of your body to create a graft that allows blood to flow around the blocked or narrowed coronary artery
  2. This type of open-heart surgery is usually used only for people who have several narrowed coronary arteries
22
Q

What are. the WHO recommendations for prevention?

A
-Take moderate physical activity for a total
of 30 minutes on most days of the week.
-Avoid tobacco use and exposure to
environmental smoke; make plans to quit if
you already smoke.
-Choose a diet rich in fruits, vegetables and
potassium, and avoid saturated fats and
calorie-dense meals.
-Maintain a normal body weight; if you
are overweight, lose weight by
increasing physical activity and
reducing calorie intake.
-Reduce stress at home
-Reduce salt intake
-Stop smoking