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Flashcards in Iron Age Deck (29)
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1
Q

Iron Age date

A

500 BC - 400 AD

2
Q

Name of people

A

Celtic people

3
Q

Designs

A

La Tène style

4
Q

Iron Age Artefacts

A
  1. Turoe Stone
  2. Castle strange stone
  3. Corleck head
  4. Tandragee idol
  5. Broighter collar
  6. Loughnashade trumpet
  7. Petrie crown
5
Q

The Celts

A
  • 500 BC - celts from mainland Europe started settling in Ireland
  • Introduced mining + working iron
  • Celtic language
  • Romans happy to trade, never invaded - celtic culture survived in Ireland
6
Q

La Tène style

A
  • Developed by Celts in Switzerland, France, Germany ~500 BC
  • Influences of Greek + Etruscan plant motifs
  • Style named after lakeside site at La Tène, Switzerland where Celtic artefacts were found
7
Q

La Tène motifs

A
Spiral
Leaf Shape
Pelta
Scroll
Trumpet shape
Triskele
Stylized bird's head
8
Q

Turoe Stone - Form

A
  • Rounded Connemara granite boulder
  • 1.68m in height
  • Deposited by a glacier
  • Vertical sides + spherical top
9
Q

Turoe Stone - Function

A
  • Pagan rituals?

- Quality of decoration suggests importance

10
Q

Turoe Stone - Decoration

A
  • Stepped pattern around base
  • Curvilinear La Tène decorations
  • Four separate panels
  • Motifs inc: leaf shapes, triskeles, spirals, circles, trumpet ends
11
Q

Turoe Stone - Stone Carving Techniques

A
  • Partly smoothed surface w/ iron chisels (‘dressing the stone’)
  • Bg around motifs carved away - contrasting positive + negative shapes
  • Stepped pattern around base has been incised
12
Q

Turoe Stone example

A

Co. Galway

13
Q

Loughnashade Trumpet example

A

Co. Armagh

found in a bog where ancient lake of Loughnashade had been found

14
Q

Loughnashade Trumpet - Form

A

-Consists of mouthpiece, decorative disk around bell rim, two curved tubes joined by a ring

15
Q

Loughnashade Trumpet - Function

A
  • Offering to pagan gods?
  • Used during pagan rituals?
  • War trumpet?
16
Q

Loughnashade Trumpet - Decoration

A
  • Only disc is decorated
  • Raised curvilinear La Tène motifs
  • Disc divided symmetrically into 4 quarters (mirror images of each other)
  • Spiral motifs end in raised bosses
17
Q

Loughnashade Trumpet - Metalworking techniques

A
  • Made from sheet bronze rolled into 2 cylinders
  • Sealed lengthwise by rivets
  • Attached to band of bronze on inside
  • Decoration applied using repoussé
18
Q

Broighter Hoard

A

Consists of Broither Collar, two gold chains, bowl of beaten sheet gold, small model boat, two twisted torcs

19
Q

Chasing/Embossing

A

Opposite of repoussé. Refine front by sinking metal Eg. Petrie Crown from Iron Age

20
Q

Broighter Collar example

A

Limavady, Co. Derry

21
Q

Broighter Collar - Form

A
  • Consists of two semicircular cylinders
  • Hinge once joined two cylinders
  • Two-part locking device at terminals
22
Q

Broighter Collar - Function

A
  • Ornamental collar worn to indicate status
  • Fastened around neck by locking device
  • Possibly worn for pagan rituals/going into battle
  • Offering to sea god Mannanán/other deity
23
Q

Broigther Collar - Decoration

A
  • Curvilinear La Tène style with interlocking S-shaped scrolls + trumpet motifs
  • Spirals + stylised foliage
  • Textured cross hatching in bg
24
Q

Broighter Collar - Metalworking techniques

A
  • Rectangular gold sheets decorated using chasing technique - rolled into a cylinder + soldered together at seams
  • Some of spiral-like projections soldered on
  • Bg hatching incised using pointed scriber/compass tool
25
Q

Petrie Crown example

A

???

26
Q

Petrie Crown - Form

A
  • Two linked rectangular pieces of a band, may have gone around a person’s head
  • Two flat circular discs in each rectangle
  • Two concave circular discs attached to band at base in front
  • Comical horn behind one of discs
27
Q

Petrie Crown - Function

A
  • Small holes on band suggest - originally stitched to leather
  • Elaborate headdress?
  • Fertility rituals?
28
Q

Petrie Crown - Decoration

A
  • Repetitive symmetrical decoration
  • Crown in curvilinear La Tène style
  • Red enamel stud on raised central boss of one disc
  • Enamel studs/beads originally would have been placed in eyes of stylized birds’ heads
  • Spirals on horn, base band + two concave discs
29
Q

Petrie Crown - Metalworking techniques

A
  • Sheet bronze cut to shape
  • Horn folded into conical shape + secured with rivets & solder
  • Birds’ heads have holes drilled into eyes
  • Outlines raised by chasing around them