Introduction to the nervous system lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What classification is a serotonin?

A

-Indoleamine

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2
Q

What is the precursor to make acetylcholine that enters the nerve?

A

-Choline

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3
Q

What combines with choline to make acetylcholine?

A

-Acetyl CoA

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4
Q

What enzyme combines choline with acetyl CoA?

A

-Choline acetyl transferase

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5
Q

What puts acetylcholine into a vesicle?

A

-Vesicular Ach transporter

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6
Q

What enzyme metabolizes Ach once it is released back to choline?

A

-Acetylcholinesterase (this is done very quickly)

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7
Q

Is there an Ach plasma membrane transporter?

A

-No

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8
Q

Does Ach have an autoreceptor?

A

-Yes

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9
Q

What can Ach do once it is released?

A
  • Go to an autoreceptor
  • Get metabolized back into Choline
  • Goes to post synaptic receptors
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10
Q

What are the two types of post synaptic receptors?

A
  • Nicotinic

- Muscarinic

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11
Q

What type of receptor is the autoreceptor?

A

-Muscarinic

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12
Q

Between GABA and glutamate which one is inhibitory?

A

-GABA

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13
Q

Between GABA and glutamate which one is excitatory?

A

-Glutamate

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14
Q

What is the precursor to make glutamate?

A

-Alpha ketoglutarate

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15
Q

What enzyme changes alpha ketoglutarate to glutamate?

A

-aminotransferase

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16
Q

When glutamate gets released where can it go?

A
  • Taken up by astrocytes
  • Post synaptic receptors
  • Autoreceptors
  • Taken back up into the nerve terminal
17
Q

What enzyme converts glutamate to glutamine?

A

-Glutamine synthetase

18
Q

What enzyme converts glutamine back to glutamate in the nerve terminal?

A

-Glutaminase

19
Q

Where can glutamate get converted into glutamine?

A

-Astrocytes

20
Q

What are the post synaptic receptors for glutamine?

A
  • AMPA/kainate
  • NMDA
  • HCN
21
Q

What is the type of autoreceptor for glutamate?

A

-Metabotropic glutamate

22
Q

What can take glutamate back into the nerve terminal?

A

-Glutamate transporter

23
Q

What converts glutamate to GABA?

A

-GAD (Glutamate decarboxylase)

24
Q

What can GABA do when it is released?

A
  • Go to post synaptic receptors
  • Get taken up by astrocytes
  • Go to the autoreceptor
  • Taken back up into the nerve terminal
25
Q

When GABA is in the astrocyte what converts it to succinate?

A

-GABA transaminase

26
Q

What is GABA converted into in the astrocyte?

A

-Succinate

27
Q

What are the two types of post synaptic receptors for GABA?

A
  • GABA A

- GABA B

28
Q

What is an H3 receptor thought to function as?

A

-Inhibitory heteroreceptor

29
Q

What can the activation of the brain H3 receptors do?

A

-Decrease the release of acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin and certain peptides

30
Q

What do endorphins bind to?

A

-Mu receptors

31
Q

What happens when endorphins bind to mu receptors?

A
  • Causes a decrease in GABA release

- Increases dopamine release

32
Q

Neurotensin is a neuropeptide that regulates what?

A

-Dopamine systems (inhibitory feedback)

33
Q

What does nitric oxide to do smooth muscle?

A

-Relaxes