Introduction to strabismus and amblyopia Flashcards

1
Q

amblyopia is a _____ disorder
_____ not congenital
more of a ______ problem than an eye problem

A

developmental
acquired
brain

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2
Q

when is the critical period

A

begin around 3-4 months and slowly declines around 6-8 years

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3
Q

eye is resistant to amblyogenic event, but remains modifiable

A

plasticity

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4
Q

rule out ocular pathology as a cause of the decreased acuity by at least performing thorough internal and external health eval w/ DFE

A

exclusion

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5
Q

must be able to document a specific etiology for the amblyopia such as refractive error, strabismus, form deprivatoin

A

inclusion

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6
Q

reduced VA 2ndary to pathology may result in an eye that drifts out

A

sensory exotropia

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7
Q

constant, unilateral, and present before age 7

-eso vs exo

A

amblyogenic strabismus

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8
Q

significat difference in refractive error between the 2 eyes

A

anisometropia

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9
Q

significant bilateral refractive error

A

isoametropia

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10
Q

blurs visual stimuli in a specific orientation depending on the refractive error and axis

A

meridional amblyopia

amblyogenic astigmatism

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11
Q

what is the refractive error needed for a hyperope with anisometropia? isometropia?

A

> 1D

>5D

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12
Q

what is the refractive error needed for myopia w/ anisometropia? isometropia?

A

> 3D

> 8D

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13
Q

what is the refractive error needed for astigmatism for anisometropia? isometropia?

A

> 1.5D

> 2.5 D

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14
Q

most amblyopia will result in acuity loss in the range of ….

A

20/30 - 20/100

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15
Q

most strabismic amblyopia is worse and can result in acuity loss in the range of up to

A

20/200 or rarely 20/400

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16
Q

if there is no improvement in the treatment then…

1. 2. 3.

A
  1. incorrect diagnosis
  2. wrong rx
  3. compliance
    SHOULD NEVER GET WORSE
17
Q

a type of amblyopia that is the most severe. physical obstacle to visual stimuli

A

deprivation amblyopia

18
Q

treatment for amblyope

A
  1. rx

2. occlusion

19
Q

under binocular conditions, the fovea of one eye is looking in a different place than the fovea of the other

A

strabismus

20
Q

why does strabismus occur?

A

something breaks down fusion

21
Q

why does strabismus occur? 3 things

A
  1. idiopathic
  2. sensory -vision degrade in one eye. clarity, size and/or quality
  3. mototr - eye movement restricted. neurological, innervational and or physical
22
Q

2 things to remember about cover test

A
  1. slow down

2. monitor head posture

23
Q

what are the 2 frequencies

what are the 2 lateralities of strabismus

A

intermittent vs constant

right, left, or alternating

24
Q

esos can e ______
exos can be ______
verticals are typicall ______

A

small, moderate or large
moderate or large
small

25
Q

equal magnitude in all positions of gaze for a given testing distance

A

comitant

26
Q

change in magnitude > 5 PD in one particular gaze for a given testing

A

non-comitant

27
Q

what will strabismus that occurs when visual system is immature

A

suppression

28
Q

what will strabismus that occurs when the visual system is mature

A

dipolopia

29
Q

what is the cuase of strabismus

what is the consequence of strabismus

A

sensory strabismus

strabismic amblyopia

30
Q

what will a significant difference in refractive error between the 2 eyes result in

A

breakdown of fusion as a result of difference in calirty

31
Q

uncorrected hyperopia may result in a breakdown in fusion because of the ___

A

overburden of accommodative convergence

32
Q

same as EOMs, excellent at detecting restrictions or overactsion

A

version

33
Q

monocular eoms ok at detecting restrictions, doesnt detect overactions

A

ductions