Study of NATURE, SYMPTOMATOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, and TREATMENT of Psychological disorders
Psychopathology
4 Key characteristics in the DSM Definition of Mental Disorders
- Personal Distress
- Disability
- Violation of Social Norms
- Dysfunction
Breakdown in COGNITIVE, EMOTIONAL, or BEHAVIOR FUNCTIONING
Psychological Dysfunction
A person’s behavior may be classified as a disorder if it causes him or her distress
Personal Distress
Impairment in some important areas of life
Disability
Reaction is outside Cultural Norms. It deviates from the average
Violations of Social Norms
WIDELY ACCEPTED SYSTEM used to classify Psychological problems and disorders
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)
This is the PRESENTING problems of the patient
Presents
How many people in the population as a whole have the disorder
Prevalence
How many NEW CASES occur during a given period of time?, let’s say a in a year
Incidence
This is the BEGINNING of a disorder
Onset
- Acute - rapidly progressive
- Insidious - gradual
Disorders follow somewhat an individual pattern
Course
- Chronic - persistent/long lasting
- Episodic - happens from time to time
- Time-Limited - happens within a period of time
What contributes to the development of psychopathology?
Etiology
How can we help ALLEVIATE Psychological suffering?
Treatment Development
The ANTICIPATED course of a Dusorder
Prognosis
How do we know that we have helped?
Treatment outcome Research
The DOCTRINE that an Evil being or Spirit can dwell within a person and control his/her mind and body thereby can be treated by EXORCISM
Demonology
He said that Mental Disturbances have NATURAL (Not Supernatural) causes
Hippocrates
According to HIPPOCRATES, the THREE categories of Mental Disturbances
- Mania
- Melancholia
- Phrenitis
The FOUR Humors of Blood According to HIPPOCRATES
- Blood
- Black Bile
- Yellow Bile
- Phlegm
The attribution of INSANITY to misalignment of Moon and Stars
Lunacy
Characterized as the LARGE-SCALE outbreaks of Bizarre Behavior
Mass Hysteria
This is one of the FIRST Metal Institutions and this is also where the term BEDLAM originated
Priory of St. Mary of Bethlehem
As an EARLY MEDICAL treatment, He recommended drawing copious amounts of blood out from the body
Benjamin Rush
He pioneered HUMANITARIAN treatment at LaBicrete
Philippe Pinel
She is a crusader for Prisoners and Mentally ill and founded the MENTAL HYGIENE MOVEMENT
Dorothea Dix
This is the DEGENERATIVE disorder with Psychological Symptoms caused by Syphilis
General Paresis
____ is the extent to which behavioral differences are due to genetics, this was founded by ____
Behavioral Genetics ; Francis Galton
Promotion of enforced sterilization to eliminate undesirable characteristics from the population
Eugenics
Founded the INSULIN-COMA Therapy
Manfred-Sakel, 1927
Founded Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Cerletti and Beni, 1938
Introduced Prefrontal Lobotomy - often lead to listlessness, seizures, apathy, and lack of some cognitive abilities
Egas Monis, 1935
He pioneered classification of Mental Illness based on Biological Causes
Emil Kreaplin
Two Major Syndromes proposed by Emil Kreaplin
- Demential Preacox
2. Manic-Depressive Psychosis
He treated patients with Hysteria using “ANIMAL MAGNETISM”
Mesmer (1734-1815)
Used Hypnosis to facilitate “CATHARSIS”
Josef Breuer (1842-1925)
This is the release of Emotional Tension triggered by relieving and talking about the event
Catharsis
States that Human Behavior is determined by UNCONSCIOUS FORCES
Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory