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Flashcards in Introducing quantitative research Deck (14)
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1
Q

What things are pre-stated before a quantitative study?

A
  • Aims (broad statement)
  • objectives
  • hypotheses (statement of relationship between variables)
2
Q

What are the key features of Quantitative research?

A
  • measurable
  • aims, objectives, hypotheses
  • standardised procedures
  • outcomes = valid and reliable
  • results presented statistically
  • results aimed at: falsification (testing hypothesis), estimated causal relationships and estimated association between variables
3
Q

What is validity?

A

when a study measures what it intends to measure

4
Q

What is reliability?

A

That the study must be repeatable and produce similar effects

5
Q

What should results of quantitative research be aimed at?

A
  • falsification
  • establishing causal relationships
  • establishing association between variables
6
Q

Describe expert opinion

A
  • lowest level of opinion
  • high chance of bias/ errors
  • only possible evidence source
  • can be considered as research
  • has some gravity
7
Q

What is a case-control study?

A
  • type of observational study
  • conducted in retrospect
  • starts with a condition (the case)
  • matched with a control
  • unable to attribute causation
8
Q

What is a cohort study?

A
  • looks at association between one entity and another
  • e.g. smokers vs. non-smokers
  • data collected prospectively
  • collect the data you want
  • provides greater precision (than case-control)
9
Q

What are case-reports?

A
  • descriptive studies

- tend to be small

10
Q

What is case-series?

A
  • same as case-report but >10 cases

- aim to measure course/progression of disease

11
Q

Strengths of case-series?

A
  • speed of deployment

- provides useful initial pilot data

12
Q

Limitations of case-series?

A
  • insufficient numbers for meaningful analysis

- only involve single groups so no independant control group

13
Q

Name the 9 components of the Bradford-Hill criteria

A

-temporal relationship, strength, dose-response relationship, consistency, plausibility, consideration of alternate explanations, experiment, specificity, coherence

14
Q

What are randomised controlled trials?

A
  • prospective
  • intervention given
  • PPs randomly allocated to recieve intervention or not
  • outcome of interest = measured