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Flashcards in Intro to Pharm Deck (39)
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1
Q

What is pharmokinetics

A

how drugs move through the body

2
Q

What are the steps a drug takes through the body

A

absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion

3
Q

What are the types of absorption

A

passive diffusion
facilitated diffusion
active transport
endocytosis

4
Q

What happens in passive diffusion

A

molecules move from high to low concentration without help

5
Q

What happens in facilitated diffusion

A

requires membrane channels to facilitate movement in and out of the cell

6
Q

What happens in active transport

A

requires ATP to activate movement

7
Q

What happens in endocytosis

A

drug in engulfed in the cell membrane

8
Q

What affect absorption

A

pH
surface area
blood flow

9
Q

What is the equation for bioavailability

A

AUC oral/ AUC IV *100

10
Q

What is bioavailability

A

the proportion of a drug that actually gets absorbed after administration

11
Q

What affects bioavailabilty

A

the route of administration

12
Q

What factors effect distribution

A
lipophilicity
blood flow 
capillary permeability
plasma and tissue binding
volume of distribution
13
Q

What is the lipophiliicity of a drug

A

lipophilic drugs diffuse through the cell membrane much easier than a hydrophiliic drug

14
Q

What is an example of how blood flow effects distribution

A

the brain receives more blood than the skin so if a drug can pass through the blood brain barrier than it will accum more in the brain

15
Q

What is an example of capillary perm

A

the livers capillaries are more porous than the brains

16
Q

What is plasma and tissue binding referign to

A

how the chemical props of drugs affect what it binds to so some drugs will accumulate in the tissues more or less or bind to proteins like albumin easily

17
Q

How does binding to albumin effect the distribution

A

it will signif low it down

18
Q

Whats the equation for volume of distribution

A

amount of drug in the body/concentration of drug in the plasma

19
Q

What is volume of distribution used for

A

to predict how much the drug will accum in the blood plasma or tissues

20
Q

What is volume of distribution used for

A

to predict how much the drug will accum in the blood plasma or tissues

21
Q

How are most drugs eliminated by

A

first order kinetics

22
Q

What is first order kinetics

A

the rate of elimination is directly proportional to the amount of the drug in the body

23
Q

Whats an example of first order kinetics

A

losing at a constant rate like -16% constantly

24
Q

What is another type of kinetics that drugs can take for elimination

A

zero order kinetics

25
Q

What drug takes the zero pathways

A

aspirin

26
Q

What is zero order kinetics

A

rate of elimination is constant

27
Q

What is an example of zero order kin

A

losing 200 mg at everytime period so the drug decreases concentration in the body at a constant amount but the percentage of loss changes

28
Q

What do first order kinetic graphs look like

A

exponential

29
Q

What do zero order kin graphs look like

A

linear

30
Q

What is half life

A

the amount of time it takes for there to be half of the amount of drug left

31
Q

What does a half life help you predict

A

steady state

32
Q

What is steady state

A

the state where the rate of administration= the rate of elimination

33
Q

Because the kidneys cannot efficiently eliminate lipid soluble drugs so

A

the liver converts those drugs into water soluble substances

34
Q

How does the liver convert lipophilic drugs into water soluble ones

A

through two metabolic reactions called phase I and II

35
Q

What happens in phase 1

A

drugs are changed into be more hydrophilic by reactions like reduction oxidation and hydrolysis

36
Q

What enzyme fam is does most of the reactions in phase 1

A

cytochrome p450

37
Q

When does phase two happen

A

if the drug is still to hydrophilic

38
Q

What type of reaction happens in phase two

A

conjugation

39
Q

What are some conjugation rx that happen in PHase 2

A

acetylation
sulfation
glutathione conjugation
glucuronidation