Flashcards in Intro to Hemostasis & Primary Hemostasis Deck (38)
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1
Complex process by which the body spontaneously stops bleeding and maintains blood in the fluid state within the vascular compartment
Hemostasis
2
Major Functional Components ( interrelated) of Hemostasis
Blood vessels
Platelets
Coagulation proteins
Fibrinolysis
Serine protease inhibitors
3
What system of Hemostasis includes:
Increase vascular permeability
Contraction of smooth muscle
Dilation of small blood vessels
Induction of inflammation and pain
Release of prostaglandins
Kinin system
4
What system of Hemostasis includes:
Series of proteins, when activated participate in inflammation
React with fibrinolytic proteins and coagulation proteins
Complement system
5
Stage of hemostasis that includes:
Refers to the response to vascular injury that produces a platelet plug at the site of damage
Serves to limit bleeding immediately through the formation of a loose platelet plug by adhering to the endothelial wall at the site of injury
Primary Hemostasis
6
Stage of hemostasis that includes:
Involves the enzymatic activation of the coagulation proteins to produce fibrin from fibrinogen
Activated by the release of tissue factor from epithelial cells that are exposed to the circulation at the site of vascular injury
Secondary Hemostasis
7
Process of dissolving a clot
Involves the proteolytic digestion of fibrinogen and fibrin by the enzyme plasmin
Vascular healing and repair is promoted through the release of Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)
Fibrinolysis
8
These vessels Make up most of the microvasculature (smallest systems of blood vessels in a body)
Precapillary arterioles
Capillaries
Post capillary venules
9
Vessel layer that includes connective tissue and cell support
Tunica adventitia-
10
Vessel layer that includes Elastic tissue and smooth muscle, controls vasoconstriction and sometimes vasodilation
Tunica media-
11
Vessel layer that includes smooth non-wettable surface, facilitate migration of cells through the spaces as needed
Tunica Intima
12
__________ released causing blood vessels to undergo vasoconstriction
Vasoactive amines
Ex. Seritonin, epinephrine
13
Hormone to stimulate platelet production
Thrombopoietin
14
Platelet lifespan
Life span: 7 -10 days
15
Platelet normal range
Normal range: 150,000 to 400,000/µL
16
Platelets
_____ % circulate in the PB, _____% pooled in the spleen
70% circulate in the PB, 30% pooled in the spleen
17
Anucleated cytoplasmic fragments
2 to 4 µm in diameter
Originate from the BM megakaryocytes
Endomitosis ----->cytoplasmic fragments
Platelets
18
Platelet structure/zone
Serves as a stimulus receptor and transmitter.
Responsible for transport of intra and extra platelet substances
Contains a Glycocalyx ( amorphous exterior coat)
Contain:
Open Canalicular System (OCS)
Peripheral Zone
19
Platelet Structure/zone
Forms the cytoskeleton and allow platelet to maintain its shape
Microtubules encase the entire platelet, maintaining its discoid shape.
Include protein subunits, Tubulin
Microfilaments interwoven throughout the cytoplasm composed of actin and myosin
Sol-Gel Zone
20
Platelet Structure/Zone
Responsible for the metabolic activities of the platelet. (Storage and secretion)
Contains Alpha granules, Dense delta granules, and lysosomes
Organelle Zone
21
What Granule?
Used in storaging.
Most numerous
Contain: vWF, K+, Fibrinogen, Fibronectin, Platelet factor 4 and platelet factor 5
Alpha granules
22
What granule?
Contain substances that activate in response to form a platelet plug
Contain: ADP, ATP, serotonin, calcium, and phosphates
Dense (delta) granules (bodies)
23
Granule that Contain microbial enzymes, neutral proteases, and acid hydrolases
Lysosomes
24
refers to separate responses of platelet function that include adhesion, shape change, secretion, and aggregation
Respond in a graded fashion, depending on strength and duration of the stimuli
Platelet activation
25
Maintaining vessel wall integrity is the function of ______ cells, connective tissue of the _________, and ________.
Maintaining vessel wall integrity is the function of the endothelial cells, connective tissue of the subendothelium, and platelets
26
Normal intact endothelium is ___________.
It’s resistant to platelets, leukocytes, and coagulation proteins
nonthrombogenic
27
Platelet and endothelial cell interaction is modulated by the prostaglandin _____.
Platelet and endothelial cell interaction is modulated by the prostaglandin PGI2
28
[Maintenance of Vascular Integrity]
This Promotes endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell migration
Maintains vascular integrity and thromboresistant properties
Found in alpha granules of platelet
Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)
29
Reversible process
Requires three critical components:
vWF- a plasma protein that links the platlet to subendothelial binding sites
Platelet membrane receptor, GPIb
Collagen fibers
Adherent platelets undergo a shape change
Adhesion
30
