Intro Flashcards
1
Q
Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
A
- Energy source - fatty acids at rest and glucose in exertion **for intermittent mechanical work
- White muscle fibers (rapid, limited duration, aerobic oxidation b/c low # mito)
- Red muscle fibers (slower contracting, high # mito)
- Store glycogen
2
Q
Heart Metabolism
A
- Needs cont O2 b/c cont contraction
- High oxidative capacity; high # mito
3
Q
Liver Metabolism
A
- Energy source- variety
- Primary role in glucose homeostasis
- Location of synthesis (glucose, urea, ketones) and conversion of fuels)
4
Q
Brain and Nerve Metabolism
A
- Energy source- glucose or ketones during starvation
- CANNOT oxidize fatty acids
- Needed for its electrical work
5
Q
Adipose Tissue Metabolism
A
- Major function- storage, mobilization and synthesis of triglycerides
- Reg by hormones
6
Q
Kidney Metabolism
A
- Major function- fluid homeostasis
- Energy sources- FAs, ketones and lactate
- Needs energy for osmotic work
- 2nd behind liver in terms of gluconeogenesis
- Also ammonia synthesis
7
Q
RBC Metabolism
A
- Major function - exchange O2 and CO2
- Mature RBCs have NO MITO (all energy from anaerobic glycolysis)
8
Q
GI Metabolism
A
- Energy source- glutamine and glutamate
- Major function- digestion and absorption
9
Q
3 Major Dietary Fuels + Interconversions
A
- Fats, carbohydrates and proteins
- Interconversion
- Carbs —> fats (lipogenesis)
- Protein —> fats (ketogenesis)
- Protein —> carbs (gluconeogenesis)
- Carbs —> protein (synthesis of non-essential AAs)
**Note: bidirectional relationship b/n proteins and carbs but only unidirectional in fat formation (cannot convert fat back to protein or carbs)
10
Q
Energy Value of 3 Major Dietary Fuels
A
- Carbs…4kcal/gram
- Proteins…4kcal/gram
- Fat…9kcal/gram
11
Q
Cytosolic Paths (5)
A
- Glycolysis
- Pentose Phosphate Pathway
- FA synthesis
- Nucleotide synthesis
- Protein synthesis
12
Q
Mitochondrial Paths (4)
A
- Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)
- Oxidative phosphorylation
- Beta oxidation of FAs
- Ketogenesis and ketone oxidation
13
Q
Paths that Use Mito and Cytosol (3)
A
- Gluconeogenesis
- Urea synthesis
- Steroid hormone synthesis
14
Q
Smooth ER Paths (4)
A
- Triglyceride synthesis
- Phospholipid and glycolipid synthesis
- Cholesterol synthesis
- Hydroxylation and detox rxns
15
Q
ATP
NAD+ / FAD
NADPH
acetyl-CoA
A
- universal source of chemical energy (made in catabolism and used in synthesis)
- carriers of electrons in oxidative rxns (electrons conserved in chem bonds)
- supplies reducing power for synthetic rxns
- universal carrier of acetyl groups
