Integumentary #2 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Integumentary #2 Deck (16)
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1
Q

Dermatitis

A
  • inflammatory response of the epidermis
  • can be acute or chronic
  • causes due to infections, allergies, irritating substances
2
Q

Contact dermatitis

A
  • condition in which the skin becomes red, sore, or inflames after direct contact with a substance
  • two types: allergic and irritant
  • inflammation intensity related to: concentration of irritant, exposure time, repeated use
3
Q

Contact dermatitis: Irritant

A
  • irritation of the skin due to exposure to substance directly causing damage to the epidermis (soap, acid soln, diaper)
  • natural skin moisturizers removed and skin irritated (burn)
  • can occur with first time exposure
4
Q

Signs and symptoms of irritant dermatitis

A

-erythema, pruritus, mild swelling, stiff/tight skin, dry cracked skin

5
Q

Treatment for irritant dermatitis

A
  • avoid the cause
  • clean area, apply water repellent emollients
  • anti-histamines
  • short term steroids
  • cool, wet compress
6
Q

Allergic dermatitis

A
  • delayed hypersensitivity reaction after exposure to antigen
  • initial exposure causes sensitization
  • lesions appear 2-7 days after contact
  • common allergens: topical abx, fabrics and clothing, fragrances, nickel or other metals, jewelry, poison ivy
7
Q

Allergic dermatitis signs and symptoms

A

-erythema, papules/vesicles/bulla, pruritus, takes shape of causative agent

8
Q

Treatment of allergic dermatitis

A
  • remove allergen
  • anti-histamines
  • cool compresses
  • steroids (topical or systemic)
9
Q

Allergic contact dermatitis: Rhus

A
  • contact with a poisonous plant (ivy, oak, sumac)
  • washing ASAP minimizes severity and spread
  • symptoms occur 24-48 hrs after contact
  • S/S: severe itching, red inflammation, blistering, oozing
  • disappear in 10 days
  • Tx: ASAP, wash skin, anti-histamines, steroids
10
Q

Atopic dermatitis (Eczema)

A
  • chronic and inherited
  • remissions and exacerbations are common
  • immunological abnormality - elevated IgE
  • exaggerated response to environmental allergens
  • worse in childhood
  • associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma
11
Q

2 things that are commonly associated with Eczema

A
  • allergic rhinitis

- asthma

12
Q

Signs and symptoms of Eczema

Acute, Subacute, chronic

A

-common in AC and popliteal spaces of adults
-all stages are itchy
Acute: bright red, oozing vesicles, extreme pruritus
Subacute: scaly plaques
Chronic: thickened skin, lichenification, hypo/hyper pigmentation, dry skin (xerosis)

13
Q

Eczema diagnosis and treatment

A
  • Dx: Health history and exam, family history, patch test
  • causes of exacerbations: bacterial infections, temperature extremes, irritating substances, emotional stress
  • Tx: NO cure. only control
  • -topical steroids, itch relief, phototherapy (severe cases), tx secondary infections
14
Q

Exfoliative dermatitis

A
  • scaling, erythematous dermatitis
  • often progresses to desquamation of skin and mucous membranes
  • complications due to skin loss: dehydration and PRO loss. hypothermia and infection
15
Q

Signs and symptoms of exfoliative dermatitis

A
  • erythema, scaling, plaques, papules, pruritus, excoriation, secondary infections possible
  • caused by pre-existing skin conditions
16
Q

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Syndrome (TENS)

A
  • rare, acute drug reaction of the skin (from meds)
  • diffuse erythema
  • large blister formation
  • affects all ages and genders
  • highesy