Informal Fallacies Flashcards Preview

PHIL 110-01 > Informal Fallacies > Flashcards

Flashcards in Informal Fallacies Deck (17)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Fallacies of Adequacy

A

Support that is not satisfactorily adequate

2
Q

Amphiboly

A

When support for an argument is based on a grammatical ambiguity

3
Q

Begging the Question

A

When an arguer uses as a premise of his argument, any proposition which his opponent explicitly rejects

4
Q

Circular Reasoning

A

Presupposing exactly the facts that need to be shown

5
Q

Red Herring

A

Where an irrelevant point is introduced in order to draw attention away from what actually is at issue

6
Q

Strawman

A

A red herring where the irrelevant point is a misrepresentation of the argument’s topic

7
Q

Ad Hominem

A

Attacking the person presenting the argument instead of arguing the point.

Five types:

1) Abusive: the attack is an insult against the person presenting the argument
2) Circumstantial: the attack is based on circumstances about the person presenting the argument
3) Pseudorefutation: claims of hypocrisy
4) Poisoning the Well: ad hominem in advance
5) Genetic Fallacy: rejecting a claim simply because it comes from a certain source

8
Q

Appeal to Ignorance

A

Drawing a conclusion based on an appeal to ignorance

Burden of proof

9
Q

Appeal to Popularity

A

Drawing a conclusion based on an appeal to popular belief

10
Q

Appeal to Fear or Force

A

Drawing a conclusion because of coercion based on fear or force

11
Q

Appeals to Pity or Mercy

A

Drawing a conclusion because of coercion based on pity or mercy

12
Q

Fallacy of Composition

A

When reasoning which applies to parts is applied to wholes

13
Q

Fallacy of Division

A

When reasoning which applies to wholes is applied to parts

14
Q

False Dilemma

A

When one is asked to pick the best of two bad choices

15
Q

Naturalistic Fallacy

A

Arguing that because something is natural it’s good or right

16
Q

Fallacy

A

A bad argument that has the propensity to appear good

17
Q

Fallacies of Relevance

A

Support for an argument that is irrelevant