Inflammatory Bowel Disease Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Deck (15)
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1
Q

State the two types of inflammatory bowel disease.

A

Ulcerative Colitis. Crohn’s disease.

2
Q

What is ulcerative colitis?

A

Inflammatory bowel disorder effecting the mucosa of the large colon.

3
Q

Give 3 symptoms for ulcerative colitis.

A

Abdominal pain. Rectal bleeding. Urgency. Diarrhoea.

4
Q

State 3 things found on examination.

A

Raised C reactive protein. Anaemia. Low albumin. Faecal calprotectin (present in faeces when inflammation present). Increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

5
Q

Give 3 treatments for ulcerative colitis.

A

Steroids e.g. prednisolone.

Aminosalicylates (oral and rectal) e.g. mesavant, octasa

Immunosuppressants e.g. azathioprine, methotrexate

Biologics:
Anti-TNF’s - infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab,
Anti-integrin - vedolizumab

Surgery e.g. colectomy (removal of part of the colon)

6
Q

Why does the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) increase in ulcerative colitis?

A

Inflammation causes red blood cells to become more sticky, therefore more dense and stick together. Therefore they settle faster and increase erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

7
Q

What is Crohn’s disease?

A

Crohn’s disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus. It is transmural (across entire wall of organ).

8
Q

State 3 symptoms of Crohn’s disease.

A

Diarrhoea. Rectal bleeding. Weight loss. Abdominal pain. Perianal abscesses (collection of pus develop near anus). Oral ulceration (mouth ulcer).

9
Q

State 3 signs of Crohn’s disease.

A

Cachexia (weakness and wasting of body). Scars. Stomas - opening in body which diverts faeces. Parenteral nutrition - intravenous nutrition outside the body e.g. protein, carbs and fat.

10
Q

State 3 things you would find on a Crohn’s disease blood test.

A

Anaemia (as vitamins B12 and B9 are not absorbed to make red blood cells). Low B12. Low B9 (folate). Low ferritin. Low albumin (as albumin excreted).

11
Q

State 3 treatments for Crohn’s disease.

A

Steroids e.g. prednisolone.

Antibiotics e.g. ciproflaxin, metronidazole

Immunosuppressants e.g. azathioprine, methotrexate

Modulen - anti-inflammatory drugs

Biologics:
Anti-TNF’s - infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab,
Anti-integrin - vedolizumab

Surgery e.g. stricturoplasty (removal of small bowel stricture), colectomy (removal of all/part of the colon), diverting colostomy (bowel diversion to an opening in abdomen), removal of fistula.

12
Q

What’s the difference in the histology between Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease?

A

Ulcerative Colitis - crypt abscesses (neutrophilic exudate is found in glandular lumens of crypts) and mucosal inflammation

Crohn’s Disease - granulomas and transmural inflammation

13
Q

What are crypts?

A

Crypts are grooves between the villi, which are the small fingerlike projections that line the small intestine and promote nutrient absorption.

14
Q

What is crypt hyperplasia?

A

Crypt hyperplasia is when the grooves are elongated compared to a normal intestinal lining which has short crypts. Found in Crohn’s disease and celiac disease.

15
Q

Fistulas and strictures (narrowing in intestines) are both found in Ulcerative Colitis or Crohn’s Disease?

A

Crohn’s Disease.