Inflammation Review-Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

vasodilation mediators (3)

A

prostaglandins, nitric oxide, histamine

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2
Q

increased vascular permeability mediators (7)

A

histamine and serotonin, C3a and C5a (liberate vasoactive amines from mast and other cells), bradykinin, Leukotrienes (C4, D4, E4), PAF, Substance P

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3
Q

Chemotaxis, leukocyte recruitment and activation mediators (6)

A

TNF, IL-1, Chemokines, C3a/5a, Leukotrine B4, bacterial products

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4
Q

fever mediators (3)

A

IL1, TNF, prostaglandins [cytokines]

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5
Q

Pain mediators (2)

A

Prostaglandins, bradykinin, substance P

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6
Q

tissue damage (3)

A

lysosomal enzymes of leukocytes, ROS, nitric oxide

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7
Q

what are the cell derived mediators? (9)

A

histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, leukotrines, platelet activating factor, ROS, nitric oxide, cytokines, chemokines

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8
Q

what are the plasma protein derived mediators? (3)

A

complement, kinins, proteases activated during coagulation

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9
Q

what mediate inflammation recognition?

A

TLR (TNF), inflammasome (IL-1)

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10
Q

what are the important cytokines involved in inflammatory/histamine release/response?

A

C3a, C5a

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11
Q

what happens first in leukocyte recruitment?

A

you must have endothelial cell activation (they must express selections and integral ligand)

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12
Q

rolling is mediated by what?

A

selectins. selectins are increased by endothelial activation

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13
Q

what things are involved in endothelium activation?

A

TNF, IL-1, Histamine Thrombin

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14
Q

what is involved in leukocyte activation?

A

chemokines

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15
Q

what is involved in chemotaxis?

A

chemokines (IL8), C5a, leukotrine B4 (unique function of this leukotriene involved in chemotaxis), bacterial products

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16
Q

what is chemotaxis?

A

traveling to the site of inflammation

17
Q

what really enhances phagocytosis?

A

opsonization

18
Q

what are key opsonins? (3)

A

C3b, IgG, mannose binding lectin

19
Q

phagocyte oxidase makes what super important ROS?

A

SUPEROXIDE!!!!

20
Q

there are multiple forms of nitric oxide. it is involved by endothelium for vasodilation and in phagocytosis. what is the form that is involved in phagocytosis?

A

iNOS: NO

21
Q

C3a and C5a are involved with what?

A

inflammation

22
Q

C3b is involved with what?

A

phagocytosis

23
Q

MAC is involved with what?

A

Lysis of microbe

24
Q

IFN Gamma is involved in what 2 cytokine effects?

A

chronic inflammation, M1 macrophage activation

25
Q

5 LIpoxygenase has what 5 products?

A

5 HPETE, 4 leukotrienes: A4, C4, D4, E4 (A4=leukotriene B4)

26
Q

12 lipoxygenase makes what 2 lipoxins?

A

Lipoxin A4, B4

27
Q

Cyclooxygenase makes what things?

A

prostaglandin G2, H2.

28
Q

prostaglandin H2 makes what?

A

thromboxane A2, TXA2

29
Q

what happens if you block TNF?

A

you are at risk for infection!. you are at risk for Tuberculosis or histoplasmosis. Is used for therapy but has side effects (like above).

30
Q

there is a link between the 4 mediator cascades, Hageman Factor (factor 12). What are the 4 cascades that this links?

A

clotting cascade, kinin cascade, complement cascade, fibrinolytic system

31
Q

what are the anti inflammatory mediators

A

proteases (alpha-1-antitrypsin), complement (C1 inhibitor, decay-accelerating factor), leukotrienes (lipoxins), IL-10, TGF-beta (M2 Macrophage activation