Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System Flashcards Preview

BIO 246: Microbiology of Human Disease > Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Flashcards in Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System Deck (20)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What are the symptoms of meningitis?

A
fever
headache
stiff neck
nausea
vomiting
photophobia
2
Q

What can cause meningitis?

A

bacteria (typically most severe)

viruses (typically less severe)

fungi (typically opportunistic, e.g., AIDS)

3
Q

What are the bacteria that can cause meningitis?

A

Neisseria meningitidis

  • meningococcal meningitis
  • encapsulated G- diplococcus

Streptococcus pneumoniae

  • pneumococcal meningitis
  • encapsulated G+ diplococcus

Haemophilus influenzae

  • Haemophilus meningitis
  • encapsulated G- pleomorphic bacillus
4
Q

What are the symptoms of the most serious form of meningitis? What is the differential symptom?

A

convulsions, shock, coma
clotting, cardiac failure

differential symptom = petechiae

5
Q

What used to be the most common type of meningitis in children? Why is it not anymore?

A

Haemophilus meningitis was the most common type in young children before 1992 when the Hib vaccine was introduced

6
Q

How do we prevent bacterial meningitis?

A

conjugate vaccines = capsule linked to protein antigen

  • ActHIB 1992
  • Prevnar 2000
  • Menactra 2004
7
Q

What is neonatal meningitis?

A
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B strep)
 - 10-30% women colonized in vagina

vertical transmission during delivery
- meningitis, septicemia, & pneumonia

8
Q

How do we prevent neonatal meningitis?

A

pregnant women routinely screened at 35-37 weeks

i.v. beta-lactam administered before delivery

9
Q

Which differential symptom is associated with meningococcal meningitis?

A

petechiae

10
Q

Conjugate vaccines are used to prevent bacterial meningitis because the bacteria that cause meningitis are all:

A

encapsulated

11
Q

What are the symptoms of West Nile fever and encephalitis?

A
fever
headache
brain swelling
impaired function
paralysis
12
Q

What are the characteristics of west nile virus?

A

arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus)

mosquito vector

bird reservoir

13
Q

What are some other brain diseases and how are they spread?

A

zoonotic infections

toxoplasmosis
- meow!

rabies
- woof!

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
- moo!

14
Q

What is tetanus and botulism?

A

paralytic diseases

Clostridium sp.

  • soil bacteria
  • G+ bacilli
  • endospores
  • anaerobic
  • neurotoxins
15
Q

What are the characteristics of tetanus?

A

puncture wounds

neurotoxin = tetanospasmin

spastic paralysis

16
Q

How do you prevent tetanus?

A

wound cleaning
toxoid vaccine (DTaP)
10 yr boosters
passive immunization

17
Q

What are the characteristics of botulism?

A

caused by Clostridium botulinum
- foodborne transmission

neurotoxin = botulin

flaccid paralysis

floppy baby syndrome

18
Q

How do you prevent botulism?

A

food processing techniques & monitoring

passive immunization

19
Q

All the following are zoonotic infections except:

CJD
poliomyelitis
rabies
toxoplasmosis
West Nile encephalitis
A

poliomyelitis

20
Q

Tetanus and botulism have all the following in common except:

bacterial infection
neurotoxins
foodborne transmission
paralytic disease
endospores
A

foodborne transmission