infectious disease clinical pathology case - lecture notes - julia Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in infectious disease clinical pathology case - lecture notes - julia Deck (13)
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1
Q

x-ray has bilateral fluffy infilatrates. what type of infection is this likely to be?

A
  • mononuclear inflammation in interstitium
2
Q

if lung looked like this, what would the diagnosis be?

A
  • Lung abscess from mixed aerobic/anaerobic infection
  • does look like lobar pneumonia, but has a cavity in this picture (radiolusency = consolidation begins to break down and forms cavity - also seen in TB) which is not characteristic of pneumia
3
Q

what does this sputum pattern signifiy?

A
  • squamous cells and mixed bacteria come from the upper respiratory tract
  • if columnar ciliated cells, would be from the lower respiriatory tract, but since there aren’t a lot in this sputum, there’s not a lot
  • common to find mixed bacteria flora cause theres lots of different bacteria colonizing our mucosa
4
Q

in what patients does Pneumocystis jirovecii cause disease?

A
  • patients with immunosuppression
5
Q

how do you sample Pneumocystis jirovecii?

A
  • induced sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage
6
Q

what type of inflammation would you expect to see with pneumocystis jirovecii?

A

typically little inflammation

7
Q

what increases the risk of ecthyma gangrenosum? why?

A

neutropenia because it decreases the acute inflammatory response

8
Q

what will pseudomonas folliculitis cause? how do you get it?

A
  • aka hot tub folliculitis - common water organisms
  • enters skin through hair follicles
  • cause painful infection, but not dangerous
  • creates microabsesses
9
Q

what physical signs would you look for to identify CMV infection?

A
  • in retina, would see white fluffy areas
  • could be due to other viruses also
  • but if patient had CMV in blood, then likely due to CMV
10
Q

how would you definitively diagnose CMV?

A
  • look for inclusions in tissue biopsy
  • serologic evidence = positive IgG antibody
  • use quantitative measure of CMV in viral load in peripheral blood using quantitative PCR
11
Q

what process is occuring in this patient? what could be the cause?

A
  • necrosis and acute inflammation
  • toxoplasma encephalitis
  • image indicates a “ring enhancing” lesion at the junction of the gray and white matter
  • due to toxoplasma gondii protozoan
  • causes lesions
  • almost always a reactivation of previous infection
12
Q

what does toxoplasma gondii cause?

A
  • encephalitis
  • necrosis of neurons and microglial cells
  • variable acute inflammatory reaction
  • these are intracellular paracites
13
Q

how would you treat toxoplasma gondii?

A

can be controled but not eradicated by antifolate drugs