Infectious Disease Flashcards

0
Q

What organism is tetanus?

A

Clostridium tetani (G+ rod)

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1
Q

Owl eye inclusion bodies should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

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2
Q

Tx for shigella?

A

Bactrim or quinolone plus hydration

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3
Q

Minimum time needed for tick to transfer Lyme dz to a human?

A

24h

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4
Q

Drug of choice tx Lyme dz in kids or pregnant women?

A

Amox

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5
Q

Exanthema subitum

A

Roseola infantum, 6th disease
Occurs MC in children under 2
Is a major cause of infantile febrile seizures
Prominently chest & abdominal rash occurs w/ defervescence

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6
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

Fungi- bird droppings and bat exposure.

Chronic- atypical cavities & calcified nodes on CXR

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7
Q

What is the treatment for botulism?

A

Antitoxin

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8
Q

What drug is used for the treatment or prophylaxis of malaria?

A

Chloroquine

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9
Q

A patient was camping a few days ago and now has a rash that began on his wrist and ankles. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

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10
Q

Any reference to dark field microscopy should make you think of what organism?

A

Treponema pallidum (syphilis)

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11
Q

A patient being treated with penicillin for syphilis infection develops fever, chills, muscle pain and headaches. Do you stop treatment?

A

No this is Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. The patient must be closely monitored, but it is a response to released endotoxin from the death of the spirochetes and not an allergic reaction.

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12
Q

A painless, clean base chancre should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Primary syphilis

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13
Q

Is pseudomonas gram (+) or gram (-)?

A

Gram (-)

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14
Q

Name three serious reactions a patient may have with the use of vancomycin?

A

Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and Stevens-Johnson syndrome

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15
Q

Is neisseria gram (+) gram (-)?

A

Gram (-)

16
Q

A gram (-) diplococci should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Neisseria

17
Q

What is the MC prophylactic antibiotic used preoperatively?

A

Cephalexin (Ancef)

18
Q

What oral antibiotic can be used for pseudomonas?

A

Ciprofloxacin

19
Q

What is the treatment for tetanus infections?

A

Penicillin, immune globulin and supportive care (especially respiratory support).

20
Q

What type of mosquitoes carry malaria?

A

Infected female anopheline mosquitoes

21
Q

A CT scan shows ring enhancing lesions in an HIV patient. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Toxoplasmosis

22
Q

What antibiotic class is the class of choice for chlamydia?

A

Macrolides

23
Q

Community acquired carditis is most often caused by one of the HACEK organisms. List the HACEK organisms.

A

Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella.

24
Q

Is Klebsiella gram (+) or gram (-)?

A

Gram (-) rod

25
Q

What is the best test for diagnosing rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

Indirect immunofluorescent antibodies.

26
Q

A gram-negative coccobacilli found in the sputum of a patient with pneumonia should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

H.flu

27
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat C. difficile?

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl)