Infections VI: Renal Infections Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Infections VI: Renal Infections Deck (14)
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1
Q

Describe Lower UTIs (uncomplicated)

A

Causes = commonly bacteria in bladder/urethra (usually E.coli from GI tract)
Risk factors = female, sexual activity, pregnancy, diabetes
Symptoms = increased urgency, burning on urination (dysuria), cloudy or bloody urine

2
Q

How are UTIs tested for?

A

Dipstick
Urinalysis
Culture if required

3
Q

How are uncomplicated lower UTIs treated?

A

Short course nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim - 3 or maybe 7 days (for children as well)
Cephalosporins/penicillin in pregnancy

4
Q

How are recurrent UTIs treated?

A

May receive prophylactic (preventative) antibiotics e.g. trimethoprim/nitrofurantoin/ceflaxin
Low dose at night

5
Q

Describe Trimethoprim

A

Broad-spectrum - most UTI-causing bacteria
Inhibits folate synthesis
Rapidly absorbed with high bioavailability

6
Q

Describe Nitrofurantoin

A

Broad-spectrum
Bactericidal
Indicated only for UTIs
Interferes with bacterial proteins, DNA and cell wall via reactive intermediates = multiple sites of action
Highly soluble in urine, does not penetrate tissues

7
Q

What is a complicated UTI?

A

One that occurs due to a structural abnormality or blockage in the urinary system
or other underlying health condition

8
Q

What is the treatment for complicated UTIs?

A

Manage abnormality
Antimicrobial therapy (7-14 days fluoroquinine, cephalosporin)
Often require hospitalisation

9
Q

Describe Prostatitis (bacterial)

A

Inflammation of the prostate gland
Symptoms = pain or problems with urination/ejaculation, discomfort in pelvis/lower back/genitals - usually sudden with bacterial infection (acute)

10
Q

How is Prostatitis (bacteria) tested for?

A

Dipstick
Lab testing urine
Scans

11
Q

How is Prostatitis (bacterial) treated?

A

28 course of antibiotic

Ciprofloxacin 500mg BD or Orfloxacin 200mg BD

12
Q

Describe Pyelonephritis

A

Kidney infection - when a UTI progresses to the upper urinary system (kidneys and ureters)
Risk factors = women, obstructing or underlying abnormality, immunocompromised, pregnancy
Symptoms = high fever, increased heart rate, painful urination, nausea, flank pain, malaise

13
Q

How is Pyelonephritis treated?

A

Broad-spectrum cephalosporin or quinolone 10-14 days

14
Q

Describe Cystitis

A

Bladder infection

Symptoms = increased urgency and frequency, dysuria, bacteria and WBCs in urine