Infections of the heart and circulatory system Flashcards Preview

Medical bacteriology: First half > Infections of the heart and circulatory system > Flashcards

Flashcards in Infections of the heart and circulatory system Deck (14)
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1
Q

Bacteriaemia

A

Bacteria in the blood stream

2
Q

Septicaemia

A

Presence of clinical symptoms as a result of bacteraemia
Usually due to gram negative bacilli
Catheters often cause septicaemia

Diagnosed by 3 draws of blood and colormetric detection.

Treated with aminoglycoside and B lactam and metronidazole against obligate anaerobes such as bacteroides

3
Q

Plague

A

Yersinia pestis = enterobacteriaceae, pleomorphic, gram negatve
Transmitted by fleas

4
Q

New born babies

A

Susceptible to listeria monocytogenes infection and Group B strep eg S. agalactice

5
Q

Endotoxic shock

A
  • gram negative bacteria
  • Lipid A component leads to vasodilation and heat shock as the blood pressure drops
  • Body constricts the peripheral nerves leading to cold shock; disseminated intravascular coagulation takes place and clotting factors are used up.
  • Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 - group A streptococcal infection - presents a super antigen and leads to a cytokine storm
6
Q

Which valve does endocarditis usually infect? which does it effect in IV drug users?

A

Mitril valve usually

Tricuspid valve in IV drug users

7
Q

What leads to the production of a biofilm in endocarditis?

A

The presence of vegetations, previously damaged valves and fibrinogen

8
Q

When does early prosthetic endocarditis usually take place?

A

Within a year of replacement and tends to be by viridans strep, enterococci or coagulase negative staph which form biofilms

9
Q

S. aureus and IV drug users

A

Causes native valve endocarditis

10
Q

Major in diagnosis endocarditis

A

2 x blood cultures and an endocardiogram

11
Q

Minors in diagnosis endocarditis

A
  • predisposing factors: IV drug use, heart condition
  • fever, vascular embolli or janeways lesion
  • immunologic phenomena (Osler’s nodes, Roth’s spots)
  • Microbiological evidence
12
Q

Diagnosis of endocarditis =

A
  • 2 majors
  • 1 major and 3 minors
  • 5 minors
13
Q

Mycotic anerysm

A

inflammatory damage and weakening of the arterial wall and aneurysm

14
Q

Supprative thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of the vein wall, clot formation and common with IV catheterisation