What are always pathogens
Bacteria
What are pathogens
They are organisms that cause disease
What type of microbe causes measles
Virus
What type of microbe causes HIV
Virus
What type of microbe causes Tobacco Mosaic Virus
Virus
What type of microbe causes salmonella
Bacteria
What type of microbe causes gonorrhoea
Bacteria
What type of microbe causes rose black spots
Fungus
What type of microbe causes malaria
Plasmodium
How is measles transmitted
Person to person
How is HIV transmissited
Sexual fluids, infected blood, breast feeding
How is TMV transmitted
Infected material left in the ground by humans
How is salmonella transmitted
Found in meats, dairy and pets
How is gonorrhoea transmitted
Sexually (STI)
How is fungus transmitted
Spread from plants through water droplets
How is malaria transmitted
Mosquito bites
Symptoms of measles
Fever, runny nose, sore throat, red rashes
Symptoms of HIV
Immune system becomes damaged- may result in infections and cancer
Symptoms of TMV
Jolted pattern of light, green areas in leaves, crinkled, puckered, elongated
Symptoms of salmonella
Diahorrea, stomach cramps, general health problems
Symptoms of gonorrhoea
Thick green discharge from vagina/penis, pain when urinating and bleeding
Symptoms of rose black spots
Spores of fungus are found within black spots
Symptoms of malaria
Fever, chills, headaches, muscle aches, dizziness, confusion, vomiting, sweating, tiredness
How is measles prevented
Vaccines
How is HIV prevented
Having safe sex
How is TMV treated
There is no cure
How is salmonella prevented
Making sure food is cooked properly and in date
How is gonorrhoea treated
Antibiotic injections, penicillin
How is gonorrhoea prevented
By using appropriate contraception
How is rose black spot treated
Use of fungicide
How is malaria treated
There is no cure
How is malaria prevented
People use mosquito nets
What is the role of a phagocyte
Engulf and suffocates pathogens
What is the role of lymphocytes
Make antibodies
What is the role of a B cell
Release antitoxins
How does a phagocyte protect you
Engulfs the pathogen, destroying it
How does a lymphocyte protect you
Subdues the pathogens
How does B cells protect you
Destroys toxins given off by pathogens
Advantages of vaccines
Build and support immune system
Less susceptible to disease and chronic illness
Long term vaccine programs can fully wipe out a disease
Antibodies are quickly produced so you don’t get ill
Disadvantages of vaccines
It is not guaranteed that you won’t get the illness
There can be adverse reactions- some can be life threatening
There can be some side effects to vaccinations
What’s a placebo
The effect on the mind when someone believes they are taking a drug but they aren’t
What’s a blind trial
This is where the tester doesn’t know if they are taking the drug or not
What is a double blind trial
This is where the doctors and the tester doesn’t know who is taking the drug and who isn’t
What is an open trial
It’s is where the doctors and testers know what they are receiving
What is a control group
A group of people who do not receive the drug
What are the benefits of antibiotics
Stops bacteria from spreading
Animals have a better life
Better life expectancy
Problems of antibiotics
Bacteria becomes immune to antibiotics
It kills good bacteria too
What does MRSA stand for
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
What is MRSA
It’s is where the bacteria becomes resistant to the antibiotics and the resistant bacteria take over you immune system
How does MRSA occur
It can develop from non-resistant bacteria due to a resistant mutation
What does bacteria make, that makes us feel ill
Toxins
Bacteria reproduce roughly every
20 minutes
When they divide…
Mutations can happen this occurs in their games to produce a new strain
Antibiotic resistance spreads through a bacterial population by
Natural selection
% of the country carry MRSA without symptoms
30%
MRSA can cause
Pneumonia, blood poisoning and death
Which antibiotic is used to treat some MRSA infections
Vancomycin
To prevent MRSA
Antibiotics should not be given for viruses like influenza
Patients must complete their course on antibiotics
The strongest antibiotics should be reserved for the most severe infections
Antibiotics in farming should not be used much to prevent bacterial infections spreading through the livestock as it is making
MRSA bacteria and could spread to humans causing skin infections