Infection & Response Flashcards Preview

A//Biology GCSE > Infection & Response > Flashcards

Flashcards in Infection & Response Deck (59)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What are always pathogens

A

Bacteria

2
Q

What are pathogens

A

They are organisms that cause disease

3
Q

What type of microbe causes measles

A

Virus

4
Q

What type of microbe causes HIV

A

Virus

5
Q

What type of microbe causes Tobacco Mosaic Virus

A

Virus

6
Q

What type of microbe causes salmonella

A

Bacteria

7
Q

What type of microbe causes gonorrhoea

A

Bacteria

8
Q

What type of microbe causes rose black spots

A

Fungus

9
Q

What type of microbe causes malaria

A

Plasmodium

10
Q

How is measles transmitted

A

Person to person

11
Q

How is HIV transmissited

A

Sexual fluids, infected blood, breast feeding

12
Q

How is TMV transmitted

A

Infected material left in the ground by humans

13
Q

How is salmonella transmitted

A

Found in meats, dairy and pets

14
Q

How is gonorrhoea transmitted

A

Sexually (STI)

15
Q

How is fungus transmitted

A

Spread from plants through water droplets

16
Q

How is malaria transmitted

A

Mosquito bites

17
Q

Symptoms of measles

A

Fever, runny nose, sore throat, red rashes

18
Q

Symptoms of HIV

A

Immune system becomes damaged- may result in infections and cancer

19
Q

Symptoms of TMV

A

Jolted pattern of light, green areas in leaves, crinkled, puckered, elongated

20
Q

Symptoms of salmonella

A

Diahorrea, stomach cramps, general health problems

21
Q

Symptoms of gonorrhoea

A

Thick green discharge from vagina/penis, pain when urinating and bleeding

22
Q

Symptoms of rose black spots

A

Spores of fungus are found within black spots

23
Q

Symptoms of malaria

A

Fever, chills, headaches, muscle aches, dizziness, confusion, vomiting, sweating, tiredness

24
Q

How is measles prevented

A

Vaccines

25
Q

How is HIV prevented

A

Having safe sex

26
Q

How is TMV treated

A

There is no cure

27
Q

How is salmonella prevented

A

Making sure food is cooked properly and in date

28
Q

How is gonorrhoea treated

A

Antibiotic injections, penicillin

29
Q

How is gonorrhoea prevented

A

By using appropriate contraception

30
Q

How is rose black spot treated

A

Use of fungicide

31
Q

How is malaria treated

A

There is no cure

32
Q

How is malaria prevented

A

People use mosquito nets

33
Q

What is the role of a phagocyte

A

Engulf and suffocates pathogens

34
Q

What is the role of lymphocytes

A

Make antibodies

35
Q

What is the role of a B cell

A

Release antitoxins

36
Q

How does a phagocyte protect you

A

Engulfs the pathogen, destroying it

37
Q

How does a lymphocyte protect you

A

Subdues the pathogens

38
Q

How does B cells protect you

A

Destroys toxins given off by pathogens

39
Q

Advantages of vaccines

A

Build and support immune system
Less susceptible to disease and chronic illness
Long term vaccine programs can fully wipe out a disease
Antibodies are quickly produced so you don’t get ill

40
Q

Disadvantages of vaccines

A

It is not guaranteed that you won’t get the illness
There can be adverse reactions- some can be life threatening
There can be some side effects to vaccinations

41
Q

What’s a placebo

A

The effect on the mind when someone believes they are taking a drug but they aren’t

42
Q

What’s a blind trial

A

This is where the tester doesn’t know if they are taking the drug or not

43
Q

What is a double blind trial

A

This is where the doctors and the tester doesn’t know who is taking the drug and who isn’t

44
Q

What is an open trial

A

It’s is where the doctors and testers know what they are receiving

45
Q

What is a control group

A

A group of people who do not receive the drug

46
Q

What are the benefits of antibiotics

A

Stops bacteria from spreading
Animals have a better life
Better life expectancy

47
Q

Problems of antibiotics

A

Bacteria becomes immune to antibiotics

It kills good bacteria too

48
Q

What does MRSA stand for

A

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

49
Q

What is MRSA

A

It’s is where the bacteria becomes resistant to the antibiotics and the resistant bacteria take over you immune system

50
Q

How does MRSA occur

A

It can develop from non-resistant bacteria due to a resistant mutation

51
Q

What does bacteria make, that makes us feel ill

A

Toxins

52
Q

Bacteria reproduce roughly every

A

20 minutes

53
Q

When they divide…

A

Mutations can happen this occurs in their games to produce a new strain

54
Q

Antibiotic resistance spreads through a bacterial population by

A

Natural selection

55
Q

% of the country carry MRSA without symptoms

A

30%

56
Q

MRSA can cause

A

Pneumonia, blood poisoning and death

57
Q

Which antibiotic is used to treat some MRSA infections

A

Vancomycin

58
Q

To prevent MRSA

A

Antibiotics should not be given for viruses like influenza
Patients must complete their course on antibiotics
The strongest antibiotics should be reserved for the most severe infections

59
Q

Antibiotics in farming should not be used much to prevent bacterial infections spreading through the livestock as it is making

A

MRSA bacteria and could spread to humans causing skin infections