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Flashcards in Industry and services Deck (37)
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1
Q

Break-of-bulk point

A

A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another.

2
Q

Bulk-gaining industry

A

An industry in which the final product weighs more or compromises a greater volume than the imputs.

3
Q

Bulk-reducing industry

A

An industry in which the final product weighs less or compromises a lower volume than the inputs

4
Q

Cottage industry

A

Manufacturing based in homes rather than a factory, commonly found prior to the industrial revolution

5
Q

Fordist production

A

Form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly

6
Q

Industrial revolution

A

a series of improvements in industrial technology that transforms the process of manufacturing goods

7
Q

Labor-intensive industry

A

An industry for which labor costs compromise a high percentage of total expenses

8
Q

Maquiladora

A

Factories built by U.S companies in Mexico near the U.S border to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico

9
Q

New international division of labor

A

Transfer of types of abs especially those requiring low-paid less skilled workers from more developed countries to less developed countries

10
Q

Outsourcing

A

A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility to independent suppliers

11
Q

Post-Fordist production

A

Adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the distribution of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks

12
Q

Right-to-work state

A

A U.S state that has passed a law preventing a union and company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment

13
Q

Site factors

A

Location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside the plant such as land, labor and capitol

14
Q

Situation factors

A

Location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory

15
Q

Textile

A

A fabric made by weaving used in making clothes

16
Q

Basic industries

A

Industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside of the settlement

17
Q

Business services

A

Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses including professional, financial and transportation services

18
Q

Central place

A

A market center for the exchange of services by people

19
Q

Central place theory

A

A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; Larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther

20
Q

City-state

A

A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland

21
Q

Clustered rural settlement

A

A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other and fields surround the settlement

22
Q

Consumer services

A

Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers including retail services and education, health and leisure services

23
Q

Dispersed rural settlement

A

A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages.

24
Q

Economic base

A

A communitys collection of base industries

25
Q

Enclosure movement

A

The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century

26
Q

Gravity model

A

A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service

27
Q

market area or hinterland

A

The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services

28
Q

Nonbasic industries

A

Industries that sell their products to consumers in the community

29
Q

Primate city

A

The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement.

30
Q

Primate city rule

A

A pattern of settlements in a country such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement

31
Q

Public services

A

Services offered by the gov’t to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses

32
Q

Range of a service

A

The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service

33
Q

Rank-size rule

A

A pattern of settlements in a country such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement

34
Q

Service

A

Any activity that fulfills a human need or want and returns money to those who provide it

35
Q

Settlement

A

A permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants

36
Q

threshold

A

The minimum number of people needed to support the service

37
Q

Urbanization

A

An increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements