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Flashcards in Industrial Revolution Deck (20)
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1
Q

Agricultural revolution

A

Improved quality and quantity of farm products

Faster production and more food

2
Q

Examples of improved farming methods

A

Crop rotation

Seed drill

3
Q

Enclosure

A

The process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers

4
Q

The energy revolution

A
Coal- used to develop the steam engine
Steam engine (James Watt)- opened the door to steamships and trains
5
Q

Capital

A

Money used to invest in enterprise

6
Q

Enterprise

A

A business organization in an area such as shipping, mining, railroads, factories

7
Q

Entrepreneurs

A

Leaders in new businesses who manages and assumed the financial risks of starting the new businesses

8
Q

Turnpikes

A

Private roads built by entrepreneurs who charged travelers a toll to use them

9
Q

Laissez-faire economics

A

French term for Let it be

Free market where there was no government regulation

10
Q

Adam Smith in 1776

A

Came up with free enterprise idea

Believed natural laws governed the economy (law of supply and demand, law of competition, and law of self interest )

11
Q

Socialism

A

The people as a whole rather than private individuals would own and operate the means of production
Promotes fair treatment and education
Spectrum: gov could own some business or all
Didn’t always work

12
Q

Utopias

A

Unrealistic perfect society
Famous movement of Utopianism : model colonies set up buy eventually failed
Better quality of living but fell into decline

13
Q

Karl Marx

A

Troubled by the extreme poverty of the proletariat
Wrote “The Communist Manifesto”
Predicted the rise of communism (aka scientific socialism)
Believed a dictator could take control and start communism

14
Q

Communism

A

Run by a dictator ; classless society

15
Q

Proletariat

A

Working class

16
Q

Class struggle

A

“Life can be summed up as the struggle between one class and another” - Marx

17
Q

“Workers of the world, unite! You have nothing to lose but your chains.”

A

Marx

18
Q

“From each according to his means, to each according to his needs.”

A

Marx

19
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

Owners of the factories, businesses, banks

20
Q

Name some shifts that happened in society

A

Social- rural to urban living

Economic- agricultural to industrial