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Flashcards in Industrial Revolution Deck (30)
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1
Q

Define Industrial Revolution

A

Industrial Revolution changes beginning in the 1700s when power-driven machines began to do much of the work that people had done before

2
Q

Identify Agricultural Revolution

A

was the unprecedented increase in agricultural production in England due to increases in labour and land productivity that took place between 1750 and 1880, although it had its beginnings in the 17th century.

3
Q

Identify Jethro Tull

A

Invented Seed Drill

4
Q

What is crop rotation ?

A

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil.

5
Q

What is seed drill and why was it important ?

A

seed drill Invention that allows farmers to plant seeds in well-spaced rows of specific depths. Resulted in decrease in wasted seed, increase in crop production, increase in profit

6
Q

What are enclosures ?

A

The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century.

7
Q

Why did Industrial revolution begin in England ?

A

Large population of workers
water power and coal
iron ore to construct machines, tools and building
rivers for inland transportation
harbors from which merchant ships set sail
political stability
availability of loans

8
Q

What are the factors of production ?

A

land, labor, and capital (or wealth)

9
Q

What industry was first transformed by the Industrial Revolutipon ?

A

Textile industry. Because of several inventions
flying shuttle
spinning jenny
water frame (water power to drive spinning wheels)
spinning mule
power loom

10
Q

Where were the first factories built ?

A

Near rivers or streams to use water power

11
Q

What drove the development of steam engine ?

A

The textile industry’s need for cheap, convenient power source.

12
Q

Who first developed a steam engine that was faster and more efficient ?

A

James Watt

13
Q

What entrepreneur did Watt team up with to commercialize his steam engine ?

A

Matthew Boulton.

14
Q

Which American adapted Watt’s steam engine for use in boats ?

A

Robert Fulton. He built the steamboat called the Clermont in 1807

15
Q

What form of water transportation was critical in the industrial revolution in England ?

A

Canals. The 4,250 miles of canals helped cut the cost of transporting raw materials and finished goods

16
Q

What did John Mc Adam invent ?

A

He developed a way to pave roads so that they could be used in all kinds of weather. They became known as “macadam” roads

17
Q

What steam driven vehicle drove English industry aftrer 1820

A

Steam driven locomotives and railroads.

18
Q

How did railroads revolutionize life in Britain ?

A

1) Spurred industrial growth by providing cheap transportation
2) Created thousands of new jobs for railroad workers and coal miners
3) Boosted agricultural and fishing industries
4) encouraged people to take distant jobs

19
Q

What agricultural movement precipitated the migration of many rural families into the cities ?

A

Agricultural revolution-farming more efficient, less labor needed,

20
Q

Describe the average work day for a child laborer during the industrial revolution ?

A

12-14 hours, few breaks

21
Q

What law provided working rights for children ?

A

The Factory Act

22
Q

How would a factory owner justify not paying an orphan’s wages for all of their hours of work ?

A

They fed and housed them

23
Q

What were punishments for children who were late or did not meet their quotas ?

A

Being “weighted”–forced to wear weights and walk up and down the factory

24
Q

Why would parents be willing to subject their kids to these conditions ?

A

Needed money

25
Q

What did the Factory Act of 1833 provide ?

A

Limited working hours
Kids under 9 couldnt work
Kids get 2 hours of school

26
Q

How did the working situation of children in the cities differ from those in rural areas ?

A

Worse in cities

27
Q

What was the Rocket ?

A

First commercial steam locomotive

28
Q
What was the claim to fame of the following
a. Thomas Edison
b. Alexander Graham Bell
c. Henry Ford
d. Karl Benz
e Wright Brothers
f. Marconi
A

a. Phonograph and motion picture camera
b. Telephone
c. Developed automobiles and the assembly line
d. Made first car with combustion engine
e. First successful airpland
f/ Radio

29
Q
What was the claim to fame of the following
a. Louis Pasteur
b. Joseph Lister
c. Charles Darwin
d. Gregor Mendel
e Alfred Nobel
f. John Moses Browning
A

a. Louis Pasteur-vaccine for rabies and anthrax; pasteurization of milk and food; contributes to “germ theory”
b. Joseph Lister-antiseptics for sterilzation
c. Charles Darwin–theory of evolution
d. Gregor Mendel-genetics
e Alfred Nobel-dynamite; nobel prize
f. John Moses Browning-improved machine gun

30
Q
What was the claim to fame of the following
a. Hiram Maxim
b. John Deere
c. Robert Fulton
d. Mattias Baldwin
e Samuel Colt
f. Jospeh Glidden
A

a. Hiram Maxim-first portable machine gun
b. John Deere–steel plow; farm machines
c. Robert Fulton–steam boat; submarine
d. Mattias Baldwin–interchangeable parts; commercial steam locomotive
e Samuel Colt-revolver–cheap interchangeable parts
f. Jospeh Glidden–barbed wire