Industrial And Post Industrial Development Of Sport Flashcards

1
Q

Rational recreation

A

Sports pastimes for lower class organised by middle class

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2
Q

Lack of leisure time

A

Lead to 12 hour working days and one day off (Sunday’s)

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3
Q

Migration of lower classes into cities

A

Looking for work in newly built factories, led to loss of space to play sport

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4
Q

Lack of income

A

Low wages and poverty were evident with little spare income for leisure

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5
Q

Lack of public provisions

A

No access to private facilities or no personal equipment for lower class

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6
Q

Poor health

A

Led to pollution, lack of hygiene resulting in little energy to play sport

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7
Q

Loss of rights

A

Restrictions places on mob football and blood sports by change in criminal law

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8
Q

Wenlock games

A

Promote moral, physical and intellectual improvements
Sports included athletics, football,cricket, running and hurdles
Pageantry and celebrations were important

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9
Q

Founder of Wenlock games (1850)

A

Dr William penny Brookes

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10
Q

Long working days

A

Less time to play sport

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11
Q

Some Improvements in second half of industrial revolution

A
Ex public schoolboys
Improved health 
Development of middle class
Three tier society 
Increase wages and time for sport 
Values of athleticism
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12
Q

Examples of pageantry and celebrations

A

Band led marches of flag bearers and Olympic hymns were sung, a crown of laurel leaves was placed on the head of the winner.

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13
Q

Positive affect of cheaper travel

A

Allowed participation and spectating to be more accessible

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14
Q

Positive impact of development of middle class

A

Sport was played to a high moral code and respectful

Self made men took advantage of new business opportunities

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15
Q

Impact of increase wages and spare time

A

‘ Factory act’ and Saturday half days were provided for workers which gave more time to play sport

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16
Q

Impact of influence or ex public schoolboys

A

Via industry, church helped promote sport

17
Q

Urbanisation

A

Large number of people migrating from rural areas into towards cities, seeking regular work in factories

18
Q

4 key features of urbanisation that contributed to sport Development

A

Lack of work space
Large working class population
Change in working conditions
Loss of traditional sports

19
Q

Transport

A

Development of steam trains and railways increased spectator and participation opportunities and spread interest in sport.

20
Q

Faster steam trains meant …

A

People could travel further and more easily, giving more time for sport matches

21
Q

Key characteristics of rational recreation

A
Referees/officials
Impacts or religion 
Rule based 
Respectability 
Skills/tactic based 
Amateurism and professionalism
Purpose built facilities
Impacts of revolution 
Gambling controlled 
Regionally/nationally/regularly played
22
Q

Amateur

A

Person who does the sport for the love of it and no financial gain

23
Q

Professional

A

A person who plays sport for financial gain

24
Q

Why did NGBs start to develop ?

A

Sporting was becoming popular
More teams were being formed
Nationally agreed rules and codification

25
Q

Why did NGBs try to prevent professionals from competing in their sport ?

A
Desire of upper class/middle class to maintain control of sport
To preserve amateur ideal in sport
26
Q

Benefits of getting more people in church

A

Provide facilities
Created teams
Sunday school got more involved also as more young people wanted to take part

27
Q

Codification

A

Development of strict rules

28
Q

How did sports spread through Britain

A

Teachers developed teams and taught traditional sporting values.
Clergy developed church teams or became missionaries and took sport abroad.
As diplomats they travelled the world and took sport with them

29
Q

What were the values of amateurism?

A

Manliness - robustness, striving for physical behaviour
Appreciating the value of health and fitness
High moral integrity
Appreciating the value of rule regulated activity

30
Q

What are the characteristics of gentleman amateur ?

A

Being a respected member of society with a public school background (high status).
Belonging to the social elite, having wealth and spare time.
Playing sports to a high moral code.
Playing a range of sports using their natural talents

31
Q

What were the positive impacts of amateurism?

A

Code of amateurism : based on playing sport to clearly set rules which were put in place by middle and upper class.
Belonging to social elite: having wealth and spare time to play the sport for the love of it.
Participation in sport is more important than winning

32
Q

What are working class professionals ?

A
Working class had lower status and could not afford to play sport
The W/C professionals came from poor backgrounds
Foul play and gamesmanship were used to try to gain an advantage and increases chance of winning.
33
Q

Positive impacts on professionals

A

Poorest members of society had to be paid a wage for time off working and representing their factory.
Paid based on results = performance developed
Create determination to succeed

34
Q

How did rationalisation of association football change the game in the 19th century?

A
Urbanisation 
More free time
Improved transport 
Increase professionalism 
Social class links 
Increased organisation
35
Q

Bosman ruling

A

European court of justice decision made on 15th December 1995 which effectively allowed footballers within the EU to move at the end of their contract to another club with out a transfer being paid

36
Q

Why are more women participating in football ?

A
Increased media coverage 
More female role models 
More provision via school pe programmes
More clubs forming 
More free time and increases participation 
Increased approval
37
Q

How did rationalisation of association football change the game in 19th century?

A

Urbanisation - larger audience
More free time - less time working in factories
Improved travel - able to travel
Increased professionalism - broken time payments (looked upon as it got people out of factory).
Social class links - more respectability from middle class
Increased organisation - rules leagues, teams