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Flashcards in India Deck (55)
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1
Q

Sikhs mutinied in Malaya

A

300 Sikhs
Early 1914
Took a Japanese steamer to Canada
Wanted to join Ghadr – an Indian nationalist movement in British Colombia

2
Q

Rising of Ghadrites in Punjab

A

1915

5000 arrested and 46 hanged

3
Q

Tilak’s Home Rule League

A

1916

32,000 members

4
Q

Annie Besant’s All-India Home Rule League

A

1916

Smaller than Tilak’s organisation

5
Q

Lucknow Pact

A

December 1916
Agreement between Congress and All-India Muslim League
Outlined Indian nationalist aims

6
Q

Terms of the Lucknow Pact

A

Self-government
Separate electorates for all communities
Provincial legislative councils would have 1/5 appointed and 4/5 elected
Executive and judiciary would be separated

7
Q

Montagu Declaration

A

20 August 1917
Montagu = current SSI
Promised eventual self-government

8
Q

Defence of India Act

A

1915
Detention without trial, trial without jury, use of types of evidence that would be illegal in peacetime, two years imprisonment for possessing a seditious paper

9
Q

Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act

A

1919 - Rowlatt Act
Defence of India Act could be invoked whenever there were anarchical conditions
Opposed by all 22 Indian members of the Indian Legislative Council
Jinnah resigned

10
Q

Jallianwala Bagh meeting/Amritsar Massacre

A

13 April 1919

11
Q

Gandhi declared a national hartal

A

6 April 1919

12
Q

National hartal became violent

A

8 April 1919

13
Q

5 Englishmen killed by a mob

A

10 April 1919

14
Q

General Dyer and troops arrived in India

A

11 April 1919

Banned all public meetings and arrested local politicians

15
Q

Number of people meeting in the Jallianwala Bagh

A

10/20,000

16
Q

Number wounded/killed in Amritsar Massacre

A

379 killed

1200 wounded

17
Q

Hunter Inquiry quotation on Dyer

A

‘There could be no question of undue severity’

18
Q

Gandhi quotation following the Amritsar Massacre

A

‘cooperation…with this satanic government is sinful’

19
Q

Government of India Act 1919

A
  1. Dyarchy in provincial councils
  2. 70% of provincial councils would now be elected
  3. Central Legislative Council would create Indias laws
  4. Central Legislative Council = LA and Council of State
  5. Viceroy appointed 41 of the 145 Legislative Assembly members and over half of the 60 Council of State members
  6. Viceroy could veto all laws
20
Q

Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Movement

A

1919-1921

21
Q

Swaraj

A

Independence

22
Q

Satyagraha

A

‘insistence on truth’ - Gandhi’s philosophy

23
Q

Chauri Chaura incident

A

February 1922
Congress workers in Chauri Chaura torched police stations
3 civilians and 23 policemen died
Caused Gandhi to call off his first civil disobedience campaign

24
Q

Number of people arrested in 1922

A

30,000 including Gandhi

25
Q

INC growth following Gandhi’s non-cooperation movements

A

Rose from 100,000 to 2 million

26
Q

Simon Commission

A

Formed Nov 1927
10 year review of the Gov of India Act 1919 - early as the Conservatives wanted to carry it out
No Indians on the commission (angry)

27
Q

Recommendations of the Simon Commission

A
  1. Federal system of government
  2. More power to the provinces
  3. Internal security and foreign affairs should still be controlled by the Viceroy
28
Q

Salt March

A

12 March - 6 April 1930

Part of wider civil disobedience movement

29
Q

Gathering of people before the Salt March

A

75,000 people

30
Q

Prayer meeting on the day before the Salt March

A

11 March 1930
10,000 people
Meeting led by Gandhi

31
Q

What did they do while they were marching?

A

Walked 20km per day

Prayed, spun cloth, adhered to ahimsa

32
Q

Events sparked by the Salt March across India (4)

A

Officials resigned as the march moved through different areas
March in South India organised
Protests in Bombay and NWFP
Protests at the Dharasana salt production plant

33
Q

Protests at the Dharasana salt production plant

A

Attacked by the police with steel tipped canes

2 killed and 320 injured

34
Q

Gandhi was arrested following the salt march

A

4 May 1930

35
Q

Number of others arrested following the salt march

A

20,000

36
Q

Round Table Conferences

A

1930-32

37
Q

Nehru became President of the INC

A

1928

38
Q

INC committed itself to complete independence

A

1929

‘purna swaraj’

39
Q

Riots in Calcutta

A

40 riots in 1926

40
Q

Which Round Table Conference did Gandhi miss?

A

The first one - 1930 - because he was in prison

41
Q

Nationalist leaders at the Round Table Conferences

A

Jinnah
Nehru
Dr Ambedkar (representing the Untouchables)

42
Q

Government of India Act 1935

A
  1. Created a federation of India
  2. Provinces became completely self-governing with wholly elected legislatures
  3. Viceroy maintained power over defence and foreign relations
43
Q

Expansion of the franchise following the Government of India Act 1935

A

From 7 to 35 million (but actually still very limited given an Indian population of around 300 million)

44
Q

Extra clause in Gov of India Act 1935 regarding the Viceroy’s power

A

Viceroy’s power would only be limited to defence and foreign relations if 50% of the princely states agreed
This did not happen before WWII - so throughout the war the central government maintained the same powers as it had done under the Gov of India Act 1919

45
Q

Provincial elections 1937 - results for Congress

A

Congress formed a government in 8 of the 11 provinces

Absolute majority in 6 and a coalition in a further 2

46
Q

Provincial elections 1937 - results for Muslim League

A

Failed to form a government in any provinces

Jinnah abandoned hope of cooperating with INC

47
Q

British position regarding the Muslim League

A

Supported them - suggested that there could be a Muslim homeland within a federal India - mainly to break the power of the INC

48
Q

Gandhi’s Quit India movement

A

1942 - mass campaign demanding British withdrawal from India

49
Q

‘Do or Die!’

A

Failed to assert non-violence during the Quit India campaign
Led to violent outbreaks

50
Q

British response to Quit India

A

Arrested/imprisoned almost the entire INC leadership until 1945

Over 1000 Indians were killed and nearly 100,000 arrested

51
Q

Indian National Army

A

Led by Bose from 1943

30,000 Indian troops (who had been captured by the Japanese) chose to fight against the British

52
Q

Gandhi called off civil disobedience campaigns in favour of talks with Irwin

A

1931
Irwin = Viceroy
Agree to try to end civil disobedience (influence of businessmen friends)

53
Q

Gandhi unsuccessfully tried to revive his civil disobedience movement

A

1932-34

54
Q

Viceroy Lord Irwin on India’s future status

A

1929

Dominion status was the ‘natural issue of India’s constitutional progress’

55
Q

INC response to Linlithgow declaring war

A

Initially refused to support the war effort until they were given independence
Called on provincial governments to resign