Important Names In Cognitive Psychology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Important Names In Cognitive Psychology Deck (20)
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0
Q

Cattell

A

Divided intelligence into fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence and looked at how they change throughout the lifespan

1
Q

Bartlett

A

Investigated the role of schemata in memory; concluded that memory is largely a reconstructive process

2
Q

Chomsky

A

Distinguished between the surface structure and deep structure of a sentence; studied transformational rules that could be used to transform one sentence into another

3
Q

Collins & Loftus

A

Devised the spreading activation model of semantic memory

4
Q

Craik & Lockhart

A

Developed the levels-of-processing theory of memory as an alternative to the stage theory of memory

5
Q

Ebbinghaus

A

Studied memory using nonsense syllables and the method of savings

6
Q

Gardner

A

Proposed the theory of multiple intelligences that divides intelligence into seven different types, all of which are equally important; traditional IQ tests measure only two of the seven types

7
Q

Guilford

A

Devised divergent thinking test to measure creativity

8
Q

Kahneman & Tversky

A

Investigated the use of heuristics in decision-making; studied the availability heuristic and the representativeness heuristic

9
Q

Loftus

A

Studied eyewitness memory and concluded that our memories can be altered by presenting new information or by asking misleading questions

10
Q

Luchins

A

Used the water-jar problem to study the effect of mental sets on problem-solving

11
Q

Macoby & Jacklin

A

Found support for gender differences in verbal ability

12
Q

McClelland & Rumelhart

A

Suggesting that the brain processes information using parallel distributed processing

13
Q

Miller

A

Found that the capacity of short-term memory is 7 (+/-2) items

14
Q

Paivio

A

Proposed dual-code hypothesis

15
Q

Smith, Shoben, & Rips

A

Devised the semantic feature-comparison model of semantic memory

16
Q

Spearman

A

Suggested that individual differences in intelligence were largely due to differences in amount of a general factor called “g”

17
Q

Sperling

A

Studied the capacity of sensory memory using the partial-report method

18
Q

Thurstone

A

Used factor analysis to study primary mental abilities – factors more specific than “g”, but more general than “s”

19
Q

Whorf

A

Hypothesized that language determines how reality is perceived