Immunisation Flashcards Preview

Clinical pathology > Immunisation > Flashcards

Flashcards in Immunisation Deck (12)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Goal of vaccination

A

Strategic aim - Selective protection of the vulnerable, elimination through herd immunity
Programmatic aim - Prevent infection, transmission and death

2
Q

Passive immunity

A
  • Maternal antibodies can protect baby for up to a year

- IG’s from donors are effective at first but disappear

3
Q

Active immunity

A
  • Develop own immunity
  • Triggers immune response
  • Immunological memory
4
Q

Primary Immune response

A
  • Develops in first few weeks following first exposure to an antigen - IGM
5
Q

Secondary immune response

A
  1. Antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes, antigen binds non-specifically to variable region of antibody molecule, triggering clonal expansion
  2. 1st wave of IgM production, followed by IgG production
  3. IgG binds to antigen and through simultaneous complement binding facilitates the destruction of the antigen-bearing microorganism
  4. When the infection resolves, levels of IgG decline
  5. However, one set of IgG producing B lymphocytes persists with ability to recognise that specific antigen = memory B cells
6
Q

Examples of Live organisms

A

MMR, BCG, Yellow fever, VZV – act like natural infection

7
Q

Inactivated organisms

A

pertussis, typhoid, IPV

8
Q

What is HNIG

A

Pooled plasma

9
Q

Advantages of live vaccines

A
  • 1 dose often sufficient to induce long-lasting immunity
  • Strong immune response evoked
  • Local and systemic immunity produced
10
Q

Disadvantages of Live vaccines

A
  • Potential to revert to virulence and for contamination
  • Interference by viruses/vaccines and passive antibody
  • Contraindicated in immunosuppressed
11
Q

Advantages of Inactivated/killed vaccines

A
  • Stable
  • Constituents clearly defined
  • Unable to cause infections
12
Q

Disadvantages of Inactivated/killed vaccines

A
  • Multiple doses
  • Adjuvant needed - keep vaccine at injection site, activates antigen presenting cells
  • Local reactions are common

Decks in Clinical pathology Class (69):