Immune System (Reversed) Flashcards Preview

AP Biology > Immune System (Reversed) > Flashcards

Flashcards in Immune System (Reversed) Deck (47)
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1
Q

pre-programmed defense responses

A

Define innate immunity

2
Q

-Skin and mucus-Oil, sweat (low skin pH)

A

List the barrier defenses

3
Q

macrophages, interferons, inflammatory response, mast cells, natural killer cells

A

List the types of internal Defense

4
Q

engulf pathogens

A

What do macrophages do?

5
Q

proteins secreted by infected cells that signal neighboring cells to defend themselves.

A

What are interferons?

6
Q

pain and swelling that occur upon injury or infection

A

Describe inflammatory response

7
Q

histamines

A

Mast cells hold ________.

8
Q

cause blood vessels to dilate, bringing extra blood which causes swelling in the tissues

A

What do histamines do?

9
Q

phagocytes to come and help deal with the infection

A

Swelling in the tissues attracts what to do what?

10
Q

destroy infected or cancerous cells

A

What do natural killer cells do?

11
Q

a defense response that is enhanced by previous exposure to the pathogen

A

Define acquired immunity

12
Q

Lymphocytes

A

White blood cells are also called what?

13
Q

bone marrow

A

B – cells mature where?

14
Q

thymus

A

T- cells mature where?

15
Q

infection; job

A

White blood cells fight _______, but each has a specific ___.

16
Q

antigen, antigen receptors, antibody / immunoglobulin, Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

A

List the factors of recognition

17
Q

a foreign molecule that is recognized and gets a response from lymphocytes

A

Describe antigen

18
Q

lymphocytes

A

Antigen receptors are found on _________.

19
Q

epitopes

A

Antigen receptors recognize the __________ of antigens.

20
Q

a soluble form of the antigen receptor that can be secreted by the B-cell

A

What is antibody / immunoglobulin (Ig)?

21
Q

an infected cell protein that displays a fragment of the antigen for white blood cells to recognize.

A

What is major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

22
Q

found in most cells, and calls cytotoxic T-cells that use toxins to kill the infected cell

A

Describe MHC Class 1

23
Q

found in dendritic cells and macrophages, which are called antigen presenting cells. They use Class II MHC’s to call helper T- cells that assist other lymphocytes.

A

Describe MHC Class 2

24
Q

cloning of lymphocytes in response to a binding an antigen

A

Describe clonal section

25
Q

effector; memory cells

A

When exposed to an antigen a B or T cell will divide rapidly making _______ cells to attack and _______ ____to store incase of future invasion.

26
Q

primary immune response

A

The clonal selection is the _________ _______ ___________.

27
Q

about 10 to 17 days after infection

A

The Primary Immune Response peaks when?

28
Q

upon another exposure to the same antigen, the reserved memory cells are called upon in greater numbers

A

Describe Secondary Immunne Response

29
Q

response peaks 2-7 days after exposure and last longer

A

Secondary Immune Response peaks when?

30
Q

secrete antibodies to bind to antigens in the blood or lymph

A

What do B cells do?

31
Q

secrete proteins that kill infected cells

A

What do Cytotoxic T-cells do?

32
Q

T- cells; MHC molecules

A

Cytotoxic T-cells must be signaled by helper ______ and/ or ___ _______.

33
Q

antigen presenting cells (class II MHC)

A

What are Helper T cells activated by?

34
Q

release cytokines

A

What do Helper T cells do?

35
Q

call upon B and T cells to act

A

What do cytokines do?

36
Q

clonal selection of B cells. Usually fights pathogens not in cells yet

A

Describe humoral response

37
Q

the antibodies secreted can neutralize pathogens or make them targets for phagocytes

A

What is the main purpose of humoral response?

38
Q

cytotoxic T-cells destroy infected cells

A

Describe cell mediated response

39
Q

B-Cell and T-Cell

A

Helper T-Cells can call for what cells to act?

40
Q

secondary

A

Active immunity is _________ response.

41
Q

antibodies passive from mother to fetus can cause a secondary like response the first time a fetus is exposed to infection

A

Describe passive immunity

42
Q

Passed across the placenta(IgG) and breast milk (igA)

A

What passes down passive immunity?

43
Q

introducing an antigen into the body to elicit clonal selection

A

Describe vaccination

44
Q

exaggerated responses to antigens. Can trigger mast cell to elicit a an inflammatory response

A

Describe allergies

45
Q

Autoimmune disease

A

Sometimes the immune system turns against certain molecules naturally in the body. This is known as what?

46
Q

DNA histones in breaking down cells

A

Lupus is against what?

47
Q

cartilage

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis is against what?