IFSTA HAZMAT Ch 1 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in IFSTA HAZMAT Ch 1 Deck (34)
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1
Q

CBRNE stands for:

A
Chemical
Biological
Radiological
Nuclear
Explosive
2
Q

Are NFPA standards for hazmat recommendations, laws or regulations?

A

Recommendations unless adopted as such by authority having jurisdiction.

3
Q

What are the NFPA’s hazmat requirement standards?

A

NFPA 472 - Standard for Professional Competence of Responders
NFPA 473 - Standard for Competencies for EMS Personnel

4
Q

Personnel trained to the Awareness and Operations Core Levels perform only what type of tasks at hazmat incidents?

A

Defensive - Operations Missions-Specific competencies allow responders to perform defensive and limited offensive actions

5
Q

Offensive tasks allowed by OSHA involving flammable liquid and gas of the following materials:

A

Gasoline
Diesel fuel
Natural gas
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

6
Q

What is TRACEM hazards?

A
Thermal
Radiological 
Asphyxiation
Chemical (poisons, corrosives, irritants, convulsants
Etiological / biological
Mechanical
7
Q

Thermal hazards are related to :

A

Temperature extremes

8
Q

What are examples of cold exposure hazards?

A

Cryogenic and liquefied gasses (propane / carbon dioxide)

9
Q

How are cryogenic stored / transported?

A

In their liquid states (a gas turns in to liquid at or below -130 degrees)

10
Q

Elevated temperature material is defined as:

A

Liquid phase at temp at or above 212 degrees F
Liquid phase with a flash point at or above 100 F
Solid phase at a temp at or above 464 F

11
Q

What is the least energetic form of radiation (radiological hazards)?

A

Non-ionizing radiation (visible light and radio waves)

12
Q

What is the most energetic and hazardous form of radiation?

A

Ionizing radiation (greatest concern for first responders)

13
Q

Types of ionizing radiation?

A

Alpha - blocked by skin
Beta - can be reduced or stopped by a layer of clothing
Gamma - photons - can easily pass through the body
Neutron - they cause the release of secondary radiation when interacting with the human body

14
Q

What are the two categories of radiation doses:

A

Acute doses

Chronic doses

15
Q

What are asphyxiation hazards?

A

Substances that affect the oxygenation of the body and generally lead to suffocation

16
Q

Two types of asphyxiants

A

Simple - displace oxygen necessary for breathing

Chemical - substances that prohibit the body fro using oxygen

17
Q

Types of chemical hazards:

A
Toxins/poisons
Irritants
Convulsants
Corrosives
Carcinogens
Sensitized / allergens
18
Q

With the exception of liquid and gas fuels, what hazard comprise the largest usage in industry

A

Corrosives

19
Q

How are corrosives divided in to categories

A

Acids and bases

20
Q

What is the pH range for Acids

A

0 - 6.9

21
Q

What is the pH range for bases (alkalis)

A

8 - 14 and are water soluble

22
Q

What are irritant hazards

A

Toxins that cause temporary but sometimes severe inflammation to the eyes, skin or respiratory system

23
Q

What are carcinogens

A

Cancer-causing agents (polyvinyl chloride, benzene, asbestos

24
Q

Allergens -

A

Material that can cause an allergic reaction of the skin or respiratory system - latex, bleach, urushiol (poison oak,ivy)

25
Q

What are biological / Etiological hazards

A

Microorganism so such as viruses or bacteria that may cause severe, disabling disease or illness

26
Q

Name examples of biological hazards:

A

Viruses - simplest types of microorganisms (do not respond to antibiotics) only grow in living cells
Bacteria - single-called organisms
Rickettsias - specialized bacteria that live and multiply in the gastrointestinal tract of fleas/ticks
Biological Toxins - i.e. Botulinum toxin and ricin

27
Q

Two most common types of Mechanical hazards are:

A

Striking - result of an explosion

Friction - result of portions of the body rubbing against an abrasive surface

28
Q

Explosions can cause 4 hazards (3 mechanical 1 thermal):

A

Blast-pressure wave (shock wave); primary reason for injuries
Shrapnel fragmentation- small pieces of debris
Seismic effect - earth vibration
Incendiary thermal effect - explosion creates thermal heat

29
Q

CDC defines routes of entry as:

A

Inhalation
Ingestion
Skin Contact
(Also injection and absorption)

30
Q

What are the 4 main agencies involved in the regulations of hazardous materials?

A

DOT
EPA
DOL
NRC - Nuclear Regulatory Commission

31
Q

DOT regulates transportation of hazardous materials in what modes?

A

Air, highway, pipeline, rail and water under Title 49 CFR

32
Q

The _______ _______ _______ is designed to ensure that information about chemical hazards and associated protective measures is disseminated to workers / employers under the _____.

A

Hazard Communication Standard / DOL

33
Q

What is the NRC’s primary mission?

A

Protect the public’s health and safety and the environment from the effects of radiation from nuclear reactors, materials and waste facilities. Under Title 10 CFR 20

34
Q

What are hazardous materials defined as?

A

Substances that possess harmful characteristics (hazmat) or dangerous goods in Canada