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Cell Biology > Hypothalamus And Pituitary Glands > Flashcards

Hypothalamus And Pituitary Glands Flashcards

1
Q

What does the hypothalamus help to maintain by regulating endocrine system

A

Homeostasis

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2
Q

Explain the basic structure of the hypothalamic- pituitary axis

A

Hypothalamus at the brain attached to the anterior and posterior pituitary glands

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3
Q

What is the real name of pituitary glands

A

Hypophysis

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4
Q

What are the 2 neurones called which extend from hypothalamus into the POSTERIOR PITUITARY

A

Magnocelullar neurones

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5
Q

What is the name of the posterior pituitary

A

Neuro hypophysis

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6
Q

Where are the cell bodies with nuclei found on the magnocellular neurones

A

In the hypothalamus

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7
Q

Give the name of the 2 nuclei of the magnocellular neurones (to posterior pituitary)

A

Paraventricular nuclei

Supraoptic nuclei

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8
Q

Where are peptide hormones produced at the nuclei of the magnocellular neurones transported down

A

Down the supraoptic hypothalamus tract

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9
Q

What are the 2 posterior hormones produced called and where are they stored

A

Oxytocin

ADH (anti diuretic hormone)

When they go down the supraoptic hypothalamus tract they are stored in vesicles at the posterior pituitary neurone ending

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10
Q

What does oxytocin peptide hormone do (when released from posterior)

A

Uterine muscle contraction in labour of a woman

Breast epithelial contraction for breastfeeding

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11
Q

When is ADH released by posterior pituitary vesicles

A

When hypothalamus detects dehydrated = increases water uptake at kidneys

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12
Q

What is the anterior pituitary called

A

Adeno hypophysis

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13
Q

What are the neurones connecting the hypothalamus with the anterior pituitary (adeno hypophysis) called

A

Parvocellular neurones

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14
Q

What do parvoceullar neurones do

A

Release hormone factors down to the anterior pituitary down blood vessels

Trigger release of hormones by secretory cells in anterior pituitary

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15
Q

What are the blood vessels called that allow release factors from the parvocellular neurones to reach anterior pituitary secretory cells

A

Hypophyseal portal vessels including the hypophyseal artery

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16
Q

Name the 6 release factors released by the parvocellular neurones to the anterior pituitary

A

1- THYROTROPIN releasing hormone

2- GONADOTROPIN releasing hormone

3- CORTICOTROPIN releasing hormone

4- GROWTH FACTOR releasing hormone

5- GROWTH FACTOR inhibiting hormone

6- DOPAMINE

17
Q

What secretory cells in the anterior pituitary do the 6 releasing hormones act on

A

THYROTROPIN RH - thyrotroph cells

Gonadotropin rh - gonadotrophs

Corticotrophin RH - corticotrophs

Growth factor inhibitor and releasing hormones - somatotrophs

Dopamine - lactotrophs

18
Q

What does THYROTROPIN RH do when released to anterior pituitary?

A

Release Thyroid stimulating hormone and prolactin release

19
Q

What does prolactin do

A

Milk production

20
Q

What does gonadotrophin RH do when released to anterior pituitary

A

Release FSH follicle stimulating hormone

And LH (leutenising hormone)

21
Q

What does corticotrophin RH do when released by parvocellular neurones

A

Stimulate adrenocorticotropic hormone = cortisol release

And prolactin release

22
Q

What does growth factor RH do

A

Growth hormone release = growth

23
Q

What does growth factor inhibiting hormone do other than inhibit growth factor hormone

A

Inhibit insulin, glucagon and gastrin

24
Q

What does dopamine do when released into the hypophyseal vessels

A

Prolactin release

25
Q

What does thyroid stimulating hormone released by the THYROTROPIN RH do

A

Stimulate thyroid hormone release

26
Q

What type of hormone are secreted when gonadotropin is released

A

Sex steroid hormones (FSH and LH)

27
Q

What type of hormone is growth factor hormone

A

A peptide hormone

28
Q

What cell secreted growth factor hormone

A

Somatotroph cell at the anterior pituitary (adeno hypophysis)

29
Q

What does growth factor hormone do

A

Stimulates growth, cell reproduction and regeneration

30
Q

What are the 4 direct effects of growth hormone when released by anterior pituitary

A

1- releases fatty acids from adepose tissues to covert into acetyl coA

2- reduce glucose uptake in cells

3- increase gluconeogenesis in liver

4- increase production of IGF-1

31
Q

What is IGF1

A

Insulin like growth factor

32
Q

What are the long term effects of GH due to increased IGF-1

A

Promotion of growth of bond, cartilage and muscle

Promotion of amino acid uptake and protein synthesis (for growth eg of muscle)

Insulin - like endocrine effects such as glucose uptake = oppose large glucose concentration

Cell Biology (21 decks)

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