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MedSurg Nursing; N1110 > Hypertension > Flashcards

Flashcards in Hypertension Deck (23)
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1
Q

What is the definition of blood pressure?

A

The pressure/force exerted on the artery walls

The greater the pressure/force, the higher the blood pressure

2
Q

What factors influence and determine blood pressure?

A
Cardiac Output (stroke volume x heart rate)
Peripheral vascular resistance
Viscosity of the blood
Fluid volume
Sympathetic Nervous System Response
Renin release
3
Q

What body conditions will cause activation of the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS)?

A
Decreased blood pressure
Decreased fluid volume
Decreased serum sodium
Decreased renal perfusion
Increased urine sodium
4
Q

What is the purpose of activation of the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS)? What will result after RAAS activates?

A
Increased blood pressure
Increased fluid volume
Increased serum sodium
Increased renal perfusion
Decreased urine sodium
5
Q

When should a patient aged 18-29 years old with a “normal” blood pressure (<120/80) report for follow up of a blood pressure?

A

Every three to five years

6
Q

When should patients aged greater than 39 years old or who are at increased risk for developing HTN report for follow up for a blood pressure?

A

Annually

7
Q

What type of individuals are at an increased risk for developing HTN?

A

Those with an elevated blood pressure: Systolic 120-129, Diastolic <80
Those who are overweight
African Americans
Those with a family history of HTN

8
Q

Define primary hypertension

A

Chronic BP elevation without known cause

9
Q

Define secondary hypertension

A

Chronic BP elevation due to another issue within the body

10
Q

List signs and symptoms of hypertension

A

Often no s/s

Rare s/s include: Headache, bloody nose, severe anxiety, dyspnea

11
Q

How can hypertension be diagnosed?

A

Analyze risk factors (both modifiable and nonmodifiable)
Analyze signs and symptoms
Assess if there is history of kidney diesase
Assess if there is history of heart disease
Evaluate blood pressure readings from home
Current use of medications

12
Q

List modifiable risk factors that have the ability to cause hypertension

A
Decreased activity level
Smoking
Poor diet
Insufficient sleep
Blood glucose level elevated
Increased weight
Poor stress management 
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
13
Q

List nonmodifiable risk factors that have the ability to cause hypertension

A

Family history of HTN
Increased age
Race and Ethnicity
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

14
Q

What is considered a “normal” blood pressure

A

<120/80

15
Q

What blood pressure ranges fall under “elevated blood pressure”

A

Systolic: 120-129
Diastolic: <80

16
Q

What blood pressure ranges fall under “stage one hypertension”

A

Systolic: 130-139
Diastolic: 80-89

17
Q

What blood pressure ranges fall under “stage two hypertension”

A

Systolic: > or equal to 140
Diastolic: > or equal to 90

18
Q

List therapeutic meausrements for hypertension control

A

Modify lifestyle (adjust modifiable risk factors that are present), such as:
Weight reduction
Diet changes: DASH diet, more whole foods, less sugars, less fats, follow Mediterranean diet
Increase physical activity
Stop smoking
Reduce stress
Increase Sleep

Start on antihypertension medications

19
Q

What self care measures must a patient take to control blood pressure?

A

Decrease stress
Adjust lifestyle
Control modifiable risk factors

20
Q

What education must a patient be provided with when starting on antihypertensive medication?

A

Medication must be continued even if s/s are not present
Get up slowly
Change positions slowly
Don’t abruptly discontinue medications

21
Q

What vital sign should be assessed before administering any antihypertensive medication?

A

Blood pressure! Always assess prior to giving a medication that will decrease the blood pressure.

If the medication will alter another vital sign (such as heart rate), this should be assessed as well

22
Q

List all medication drug classes that discussed in class that can be administered to control hypertension

A
Statin
Loop diuretic
Thiazide diuretic
Potassium sparing diuretic
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
Angiotensin 2 Receptor blocker
Calcium Channel Blocker
Beta Blocker
Combined Alpha and Beta Blocker
23
Q

List the complications that can occur when hypertension remains unmanaged long term

A
Atherosclerosis
Coronary artery disease
Myocardial Infarction
Heart Failure
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Stoke
Kidney Disease
Retina Damage