Hygiene Theory and Immunoparasitology Flashcards

1
Q

hygiene hypothesis

A

increased hygiene has contributed to increased rates of allergy and autoimmune disease

increased hygience –> lower rate of childhood infections

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2
Q

worm infections used to be commonplace
now…

worms appear to be protective against ______

A

drastically declined/not common in developed countries

allergy

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3
Q

there is a _____ correlation of type 1 diabetes with presence of helminths

A

inverse

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4
Q

the immune response to worms(helminths) is different than that to other infectious organisms.
it involved three things….

A

1) elevated IgE
2) eosinophilia
3) T cell production of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13

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5
Q

helminth specific T cell responses and allergic reactivity _____ over time…

A

decrease
and
TGF-beta and IL-10 which is downregulatory increases

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6
Q

prediction rate of allergic reaction tests

places with heavy helminths infections vs places without

A
with = 15% predictive
without = 90% predictive

lower reactivity in places with helminth infections!
there is IgE against the allergen but no skin reaction! = higher threshhold for activation of IgE mediated basophils and mast cells

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7
Q

chronic helminth infections make it ____ for basophils and mast cells to become activated

A

harder

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8
Q

IL-10 deficient mice do not develop ______

A

hyporesponsiveness of basophils

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9
Q

helminth mediated protection against autoimmunity is due to regulatory immune response by ___

A

TGF-beta

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10
Q

IDEA is that helminth infections or helminth derived therapies can be used to treat allergy and autoimmune diseases!

by inducing the immune regulation, one can rebalance the immune system to a more natural set point

increased hygiene as kids has altered (decreased) the _____

A

threshhold for activation

lower threshhold = hypersensitivity = more autoimmune and allergic conditions!

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11
Q

animals with worms vs animals without worms

response to TB

A

controlled infection equally as well

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12
Q

anti-FcER1 therapy…..

A

activates basophils by cross-linking surface FcER1 (IgE receptors) to protect against autoimmunity

increased T regs and IL10 !!!

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13
Q

worms induce type ___ immunity with increased ____ and _____

A

2

IgE and eosinophilia

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