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Flashcards in Human Reproduction Deck (36)
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1
Q

What term is used for the time in young person’s life when second sexual characteristics take place?

A

Puberty

2
Q

Name the hormone that maintains second sexual characteristics throughout the life of a male.

A

Testestorone

3
Q

Where in the human female reproductive system does meiosis occur?

A

Ovary

4
Q

Where in the human female reproductive system does the zygote formation occurs?

A

Fallopian tube

5
Q

Where in the human female reproductive system does implantation occurs?

A

Endometrium

6
Q

Describe the role of oestrogen in control of events of menstrual cycle.

A

Causes endometrium to thicken with blood

7
Q

Describe the role of progesterone in control of events of menstrual cycle.

A

Prevents eggs from developing

8
Q

By which type of cell division does the zygote divide?

A

Mitosis

9
Q

Further divisions of zygote result in the formation of a morula. What is the next development stage after the morula?

A

Blastocyst

10
Q

Give two roles of the placenta

A

Protects foetus

Materials (nutrients) move by diffusion and active transport, e.g. Glucose

11
Q

Give change experienced by mother that indicates that birth process is starting

A

Cervix dilates (gets wider)

Contractions of the uterus

12
Q

Give a short account of birth process.

A

1) Contractions of uterus begin and cervix dilates
2) baby’s head moves through cervix and down the birth canal (vagina)
3) Contractions of uterus expel the placenta

13
Q

Name the three germ layers in the early human embryo

A

1- Ectoderm - on the outside gives rise to skin ,hair and nervous system

2- Mesoderm - in the middle gives rise to muscles and skeleton

3- Endoderm - on inside gives rise to lining of the digestive system

14
Q

From which tissues does the placenta develop?

A

Uterine and embrionic tissue

15
Q

What is amnion?

A

Amnion and chorion are membranes that surround the foetus.

They secrete amniotic fluid which protects the foetus.

16
Q

What is semen?

A

Mixture of sperm cells and seminal fluids

17
Q

State two secondary sexual characteristics of the human male.

A
  • increased growth of penis

- shoulder broaden and muscles enlarge

18
Q

Name a human female menstrual disorder in case of disorder give:

1) Possible cause
2) Method of treatment

A

1) Fibroids- uncertain but may be linked to levels of oestrogen/ hormonal imbalance
2) can be removed by surgery

19
Q

Give an account of the importance of the placenta during human development in womb.

A
  • antibodies can pass from mother to embryo to give passive acquired immunity
  • placenta protects the embryo’s blood circulation from mother’s higher blood pressure
20
Q

What is meant by in-vitro fertilisation?

A

IVF- involves removing eggs from an ovary and fertilising them outside the body

21
Q

Explain the term MORULA.

A

Solid ball of cells formed from a zygote by mitosis

22
Q

Explain the term BLASTOCYST

A

Hollow ball of cells formed from a morula

23
Q

What happens in the ovary around day 14 of the cycle?

A

Ovulation/ release of the egg

24
Q

Where is FSH produced?

A

Follicle stimulation hormone - secreted from the pituitary gland.

25
Q

Give one function of FSH.

A
  • stimulates Graafian follicle to secrete Oestrogen

- stimulates development of a new follicle

26
Q

Give a cause of male infertility and suggest a corrective measure.d

A

low sperm count -> low levels of male hormone testestorone/ suffered from mumps in childhood

-> hormonal treatment or in-vitro fertilization

27
Q

Where is testosterone secreted in the body of the human male?

A

Testes

28
Q

Where are sperm produced

A

Testes

29
Q

State two ways in which sperm differ from ova (eggs)

A

Egg is larger

Sperm has tail, egg doesn’t

30
Q

Name gland that secretes seminal fluid

A

Prostate

31
Q

State a function of seminal fluid

A

Enables sperms to move

32
Q

What is meant by contraception?

A

Prevention of pregnancy

33
Q

Give an example of a surgical method of male contraception.

Suggest advantage and disadvantage

A

Cutting of spurm ducts
-> 100% effective
But difficult to reverse

34
Q

List three methods of contraception other than surgical.

A

Natural - no intercourse during time in menstrual cycle when pregnancy is likely
Chemical- spermicides kill sperm/ antibaby pill
Mechanical - physical barriers / condoms

35
Q

In humans, widening of the female hips is one example of physical changes that distinguish the sexes but are not essential for reproduction.
what term is ment?

A

Second sexual characteristics

36
Q

Which hormone in particular plays significant role in maintaining pregnancy? Where is it produced?

A

Progesteron/ placenta