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Flashcards in Human Nutrition Deck (32)
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1
Q

What are symbiotic bacteria?

A

Bacteria that are mutually beneficial

The bacteria get food in the intestine and in turn produce some B group vitamins.

2
Q

The function of symbotic bacteria are?

A

Produce some B group vitamins and break down cellulose

3
Q

Where in the human alimentary canal is the most water absorbed?

A

The large intestine

4
Q

What is meant by the term digestion?

A

Digestion is the breaking down of food so that it can be absorbed into the bloodstream

5
Q

Why is digestion necessary?

A

So that food can pass from the intestine into the bloodstream and be transported around the body to where its needed

6
Q

Distinguis between mechanical and chemival digestion by writing a sentence about each.

A

mechanical = physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces - teeth

chemical = enzymes break down food into smaller molecules

7
Q

State one digestive function of the pancreas

A

Produce amylase, which completes the digestion of starch into maltose

8
Q

Name a substance transported to the liver by the blood in the hepatic portal vein

A

Co2 or named food

9
Q

Name the blood vessel that brings oxygenaged blood to the liver

A

Hepatic artery

10
Q

Where in the human body is the liver located in relation to the stomach?

A

Above stomach
To the right of the stomach
Behind the stomach

11
Q

Where is bile stored after it has been made in the liver?

A

gall bladder

12
Q

Give one role taht the bile salts play in the digestive process

A

Emulsify fats

13
Q

Give further functions of the liver, other than manufacture of bile

A

1) storage of vitamins
2) cholesterol production
3) plasma protein production

14
Q

A person who has suffered from constipation may be advised to increase the amount of wholegrain cereal in her/his diet. Why?

A

Fibre absorbs water

Faster digestive transit

15
Q

Name a structure in the human digestive system, other than teeth, which is involved in mechanical digestion.

A

BILE, which is produced by the liver, emulsifies fat.

16
Q

Describe two functions of bile in relation to digestion.

A

Emulsifies fats

Contains sodium hydrogen carbonate, which neutralises stomach acid

17
Q

Answer the following in relation to lipase:

1) Where it is secreted?
2) Where does it act?
3) What is the approximate pH at its site of action?

A

1) secreted by pancreas
2) Duodenum
3) 7 to 8

18
Q

Name the part of the digestive sytem in which the following are absorbed into blood.

1) products of digestion
2) water

A

1) the villi in small intestine

2) large intestine

19
Q

Name a carbohydrate-digesting enzyme in the human alimentary canal.

A

Amylase

20
Q

Where in the alimentary canal does the enzyme Amylase act?

A

The small intestine, duodenum

21
Q

State the enzyme’s product (Amylase)

A

Maltose

22
Q

State two ways in which VILLUS is adapted for the absorption of soluble fats.

A
  • very thin walls, so that digested foods can pass through very easily
  • very good blood supply
23
Q

Name a process by which soluble foods are absorbed into blood from the small intestine.

A

DIFFUSION- the movement of substances from an area of high concentration (intestine) to an area of low concentration (blood)

24
Q

What type of food is mainly absorbed into lacteal?

A

Fats- fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed into the lacteal

25
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Wavelike muscular contractions of the intestine

26
Q

State one reason why a low pH is important in the stomach.

A
  • kills germs

- optional ph for enzymes

27
Q

Why is fibre important?

A

For peristalsis

Bulk for movement

28
Q

Name an enzyme involved in the digestion of fat.

A

Lipase

29
Q

What are products of fat digestion?

A

Fatty acids or glycerol

30
Q

What is the role of bile in fat digestion?

A

Emulsification

31
Q

State a role of benefical bacteria in the alimentary canal.

A

Production of vitamins/ aids digestion

32
Q

Name two glands that pass their secretions into the small intestine.

A

Pancreas

Liver