Human factors and the aviation industry Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Human factors and the aviation industry Deck (24)
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1
Q

Frequency of accidents

A

1 in 1.2 million flights

2
Q

what percentage of accidents are caused by human factors?

A

70-80%

3
Q

which phase of flight is most dangerous?

A

intermediate and final approach followed by the landing and then take off

4
Q

3 pilot competency skills?

A

skill
knowledge
atitude

5
Q

8 core competencies are?

A
communication
aircraft flight path management- manual control
aircraft flight path management- automatic control
leadership and teamwork
problem solving and decision making 
application of procedures 
workload management 
situational awareness
6
Q

closed safety culture

A

blame given

reluctant to release info regarding accidents

7
Q

open safety culture

A

no blame
open about mistakes so others learn
accidents reviewed

8
Q

James reasons 5 things for a good culture?

A
informed culture
reporting culture
learning culture
flexible culture
just culture
9
Q

SHELL model

A
software - non physical things
hardware - equipment 
environment - inside and outside climate 
liveware - human element
liveware
10
Q

Liveware - liveware

A

human interaction
possible miscommunication
staff relationships

11
Q

liveware - software

A

non physical
how charts, SOPs etc interpreted
mode error- not recognising in wrong mode

12
Q

liveware- hardware

A

physical
how we interact with design of aircraft
position and design of levers standardised
things operating with natural senses

13
Q

liveware - environment

A

inside and outside climate
eg. too hot or cold,traffic ,terrain
company putting you under stress for quick turn around etc or fatigue from rostering

14
Q

Swiss cheese model

A

each slice a defence
each hole is a weakness or limitation(active or latent), multiple lead to a failure
using defences can prevent accident

15
Q

Active failure

A

short lived
directly linked to accident
poor airmanship by crew

16
Q

Latent failure

A

been dormant for some time
poor management
crew unaware of them

17
Q

TEM

A

process of detecting and responding to threats and errors , with countermeasures to reduce or limit the consequences

18
Q

threat

A

out of influence of flight crew
must be managed by crew
2 types: environmental & organisational
may also b latent threat

19
Q

error

A

influenced by crew action or inaction
deviations from intentions and expectations
3 types: aircraft handling error, procedural error, communications error

20
Q

undesired aircraft state

A

unable to avoid, trap or mitigate threats and errors

3 categories: aircraft handling, ground navigation, incorrect aircraft configuration

21
Q

systemic based TEM countermeasures

A

systems in aircraft
warnings and alarms: TCAS, GPWS
SOPs

22
Q

individual and team TEM countermeasures

A
planning and anticipating:
SOP brief
plans stated
work load assignment 
contingency management 

review countermeasures:
evaluation & modification of plan
enquiry
assertives

23
Q

TEM management; 3 lines of defence?

A

avoid (primary) 70% of flight
trap
mitigate

24
Q

safety management systems 4 components are?

A

safety and policy objectives
safety assurances
safety promotions
safety risk management