Human Biology: Test 3 (Chapters 12, 5, 6) Flashcards Preview

Fall 2017 > Human Biology: Test 3 (Chapters 12, 5, 6) > Flashcards

Flashcards in Human Biology: Test 3 (Chapters 12, 5, 6) Deck (13)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Describe the path of urine and the function of each organ.

A

Pair of kidneys filter the blood, Pair of ureters funnels urine and the urethra expels the urine.

2
Q

Name the parts of the nephron and the function of each part.

A

Glomerular Filtration: small molecules move from the glomerulus to the glomerulus capsule, Tubular Reabsorption: Nutrients and water move from the proximal convoluted tube into the blood, Tubular Secretion: Substances move from the blood into the distal convoluted tubule.

3
Q

Why is it proper to associate glucose with the first two processes of urine formation and not the third process?

A

Glucose is good so it should be seen in step 1 and 2 but not 3 since that is the step to get rid of waste.

4
Q

Describe a way the body maintains an acid-base balance.

A

The blood is buffered with carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

5
Q

Differentiate between compact and spongy bone.

A

Spongy bone has space for marrow.

Compact bone is for strength.

6
Q

What is the function of osteoclasts and why are they needed?

A

Osteoclasts destroy the bone and release the calcium that is stored in them.

7
Q

Describe the process of endochondral ossification.

A

Osteoblasts fills in cartilage, compact bone is laid down, the long bones grow from a growth plate.

8
Q

Describe the four steps of bone repair.

A

A large blood clot forms, fibrocartilage fills in the break, bony callus replaces the cartilage, and osteoclasts remodel the bone.

9
Q

What are the characteristics of the three types of muscles?

A

Smooth muscle fibers are spindle-shaped cells, each with a nucleus and is involuntary, Cardiac muscle forms a heart wall and is involuntary, Skeletal muscle fibers are tubular and is voluntary.

10
Q

Give an example to show how muscles work in antagonistic pairs.

A

Quadriceps extend your legs and hamstrings bend the legs.

11
Q

Summarize the sliding filament model of the music contraction.

A

Every time a nervous impulse reaches a muscle fiber, it releases calcium.

12
Q

What are some sources of energy for a muscle?

A

Glycogen, fat, blood glucose and plasma fatty acids.

13
Q

Compare fast twitch and slow twitch muscles.

A

Fast twitch is light in color with few mitochondria, little or no myoglobin, and fewer blood vessels while slow twitch has many mitochondria, are dark in color, and contain myoglobin.