Human Biology- In The Blood Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Human Biology- In The Blood Deck (19)
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0
Q

Name seven uses of energy in the body of humans.

A

Muscle contraction, protein synthesis, cell division, active transport, growth, the passage of nerve impulses and the maintenance of a constant body temperature.

1
Q

Define respiration

A

Restoration is the breakdown of nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy.

2
Q

State and explain the difference in oxygen composition in exhaled and inhaled air.

A

In inhaled air oxygen takes up 21% (same at atmosphere) but it exhaled air, oxygen takes up 18%. This is because oxygen has diffused from the air in the alveoli into the blood.

3
Q

State and explain the difference in carbon dioxide composition in exhaled and inhaled air.

A

In inhaled air, carbon dioxide takes up 0.04%, yet in exhaled air, carbon dioxide takes up 3%. This is because carbon dioxide has diffused from the blood into the air in the alveoli.

4
Q

State and explain the difference in nitrogen composition in exhaled and inhaled air.

A

Nitrogen takes up 78% in both inhaled and exhaled air. This is because nitrogen gas has not been used by the body.

5
Q

State and explain the difference in water vapour competition in exhaled and inhaled hair.

A

Water vapour percentage is very variable within inhaled air however it is saturated in exhaled air. This is because water evaporates from surfaces in the alveoli.

6
Q

State and explain the difference in temperature for exhaled and inhaled air.

A

The temperature of inhaled air is very variable however it is 37°C in exhaled air. This is because heat is lost to the air from the lung services.

7
Q

List the five features of gas exchange surfaces.

A

Moist, large surface area, thin, well ventilated, good blood supply.

8
Q

Why must gas exchange surfaces be kept moist?

A

As cells die if they dry out.

9
Q

Why must gas exchange surfaces have a large surface area?

A

To increase the number of molecules that can diffuse across at the same time.

10
Q

Why must gas exchange surfaces be thin (ideally 1 cell thick)?

A

So that gases have a short distance over which to diffuse.

11
Q

Why must gas exchange surfaces be well ventilated?

A

As a regular supply of fresh air keeps the concentration gradient for oxygen and carbon dioxide high.

12
Q

Why must gas exchange surfaces have a good blood supply?

A

So that gases can be carried to and from the cells that need or produce them.

13
Q

What is the larynx and what is its purpose?

A

(Voice box) There passes through here during breathing. When breeding out, the vocal chords can be made to vibrate. That sounds produced make up our speech.

14
Q

What is the trachea and what is its purpose?

A

(Windpipe) tube that carries air towards the lungs. C-shaped rings of cartilage prevent the trachea collapsing during inhalation.

15
Q

What are Bronchi?

A

First branch from the trachea. There is one bronchus to each lung.

16
Q

What are bronchioles?

A

The final, very fine branch leading into the alveolus.

17
Q

What are the alveoli (air sac)?

A

Dees our lines by the membranes wake gas exchange takes place. The surface is moist, thin an has an enormous area.

18
Q

What is the artery called which takes the oxygenated blood away from the lungs to the capillary networks?

A

The pulmonary artery

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