How Science Works

Question 1

Cause and effect

Answer 1

When the research can show that one factor causes a change in behaviour
Control over EV’s and standardisation show cause and effect

Question 2

Deduction

Answer 2

The logical conclusion based on proof

This is hard as not everyone produces the same results (in milgrams study not everyone went up to 450 volts)

Question 3

Induction

Answer 3

The concept that we observe something and provide a theory for it

Question 4

Hypothesis testing

Answer 4

Once a theory has been identified, a hypothesis is made and can be tested in research

Question 5

Manipulation of variables

Answer 5

The IV must be manipulated to see the effect of the DV

Question 6

Standardisation

Answer 6

Keeping test conditions the same for every ppt
Controlling EV’s
Standardised instructions

Question 7

Replicability

Answer 7

Findings need to be able to be repeated to support other research

Question 8

Controls

Answer 8

For us to be sure that the IV effected the DV, controls need to be in place (EV’s)

Question 9

Quantifiable measures

Answer 9

Quantitative data should be used to see the impact of the IV on different ppts

Question 10

Objectivity

Answer 10

Allowing personal theories make it less scientific
All bias should be eliminated
Researchers need to remain objective

Question 11

Falsification

Answer 11

We should be able to prove wrong the claim by testing other theories and findings out they are wrong
Milgram conducted research in other places which supported his first theory which was that obedience was due to authority

Question 12

The process of science

Answer 12

Cause and effect
Deduction
Induction 
Hypothesis testing
Manipulation of variables 
Standardisation 
Replicability
Controls
Objectivity 
Quantifiable measures 
Falsification