How are landforms created by rivers? Flashcards

1
Q

Where do waterfalls occur?

A

Where hard rock overlays soft rock in the upper course

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2
Q

How does a waterfall retreat over time?

A
  1. Softrock is undercut by erosion (hydraulic action/abrasion) A deep plunge pool develops where soft rick used to be.
  2. The overhanging hard rock collapses and the waterfall retreats upstream to create a gorge
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3
Q

What landform is left as a waterfall retreats upstream and why?

A

A steep sided cutting is left as the waterfall moves back. This is called a gorge

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4
Q

Where does a river flow faster and slower?

A

The river flows faster on the outside bend and slower on the inner bend.

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5
Q

What occurs on the inner and outer bend of a river?

A

Sediment is deposited on the inner bend creating a slip off slope. Because water flows faster on the outer bend it is eroded and a river cliff begins to form.

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6
Q

How does a meander form?

A

The outer bend is eroded because of the faster flow of water and creates a bend and the inner bend creates a slip off slope because sediment is deposited there.

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7
Q

How is an oxbow lake formed?

A

A meander will become so sharp that water will erode a faster path straight along instead of round the corner. It will break through and water will begin to flow straight. Sediment will be deposited to create an oxbow lake.

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