HIV/ Aids symposium: Epidemiology and Confidentiality Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in HIV/ Aids symposium: Epidemiology and Confidentiality Deck (29)
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1
Q

How many people live with HIV globally

A

36.9 million

2
Q

What is the UNAIDS 90/90/90 goal

A
  1. 90% of people living with HIV being diagnosed
  2. 90% diagnosed on antiretroviral therapy
  3. 90% viral suppression for those on antiretroviral therapy by 2020
3
Q

How many people in the UK have HIV

A

90,000

4
Q

How many of the 90,000 HIVers in the UK were unaware of their infection

A

13%

5
Q

What is responsible for the decline in HIV incidence

A
  1. Awareness
  2. Increased testing specificity
  3. ART
6
Q

What’s the target diagnosis for HIV in 2020

A

Less than 500,000

7
Q

What’s the target diagnosis for 2030

A

Less than 200,000

8
Q

Target for the number of people receiving ART treatment

A

33 million

9
Q

What group of people are mainly effected by HIv in the uk

A

GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN

10
Q

Three ways HIV is transmitted

A

Blood
STD
Vertical (mother to child)

11
Q

How can HIV be prevented

A
  1. Vaccines
  2. STI control
  3. Circumcision
  4. HIV diagnosis
  5. Behavioural
  6. Needle exchange
12
Q

What is PEP

A

Post-exposure prophylaxis

Preventative medical treatment started after exposure to a pathogen to prevent infection from re-occuring

13
Q

What type of sex is the most common form of HIV transmission

A

Receptive anal infection

14
Q

What is behavioural response to HIV by the population

A
  1. Appropriate sex education
  2. Reduce frequency of partner change
  3. Avoid concomitant sexual partners
  4. Universal testing (not just gays or blacks)
  5. Partner notification
15
Q

What is the most cost-effective way to prevent HIV

A

Early diagnosis

HIV status being made - reduces mother to child and access to appropriate treatment and care

16
Q

Is pre-test HIV consoling a legal requirement

A

No

17
Q

Does a negative HIv test have to be disclosed on applications for insurance

A

No

18
Q

What do Life insurance people need to comply with

A

1 . Ignore single episodes or multiple episodes of non–serious STIs

  1. Ignore if the applicant has had a test
  2. Only know if the applicant is positive
19
Q

Why do doctors not test for HIV

A
  1. Underestimate risk
  2. Fail to recognise clinical features
  3. Misconception that detailed pre-test counselling
  4. Anxieties about false postives
20
Q

Significance of an undetectable HAART score

A

Untransmittable

21
Q

Recognised risk factors for HIV

A
  1. Multiple sex partners
  2. High prevalence rape in areas
  3. Sexual contact in groups with high prevalence
22
Q

When is PEP given

A

within 72 hours exposure to HIV

23
Q

How long is PEP given for

A

1 month

24
Q

What is the HIV screening test

A
  1. Venous blood sample
  2. p24 antigen detection at 4 weeks
  3. Salivary antibody screening
25
Q

What is the HIV POCT test

A
  1. Finger prick blood
  2. Low sensitivity and specificity
  3. Chance of false positives
26
Q

Advantages of Point of Care testing

A
  1. Increased patient choice
  2. Reduce transmission
  3. Easy access
  4. Early diagnosis
  5. Out-reach in community settings
27
Q

Disadvantages of self-tests like POCT

A
  1. Incubation period undetected
  2. Misdiagnosed
  3. Inadequate partner notification
28
Q

What do we do if we have a negative test in POCT

A

Repeat in window period

29
Q

What does an individual do with a positive POCT result

A
  1. Phone GUM for advice and appointment within 48 hours

2. Explain the test

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