Histology of the Urinary System Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Histology of the Urinary System Deck (51)
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1
Q

The presence of more than on ureter is typically the result of what embryological anomaly?

A

More than two uterine buds

2
Q

Kidneys filter blood to keep it pure of what four things?

A

Toxins, metabolic wastes, excess water, and excess ions

3
Q

What are the three nitrogenous wastes that the kidneys remove from the blood?

A

Urea, uric acid, and creatinine

4
Q

The kidneys regulate the balance of what?

A

Water, electrolytes, acids and bases

5
Q

How many histologic portions does the renal capsule have?

A

Two

6
Q

What does the outer layer of the renal capsule have in abundance that dyes the layer blue?

A

Collagen

7
Q

What cell types composes the inner layer of the renal capsule?

A

Myofibroblasts

8
Q

What in the kidney is immediately deep to the capsule?

A

The cortex

9
Q

What renal structures are in the cortex?

A

Renal corpuscles and associated tubules

10
Q

What renal structures are in the medulla?

A

Straight tubules, collecting ducts, and vasa recta

11
Q

What does a renal lobe consist of?

A

A renal pyramid, its overlying renal cortex, one half of each adjacent renal columns

12
Q

What are the two capillary beds in the renal vasculature?

A

Glomerulus and peritubular capillaries and vasa recta

13
Q

What are the names of the arterioles that go into and leave the glomerulus capillaries?

A

Afferent go into the glomerulus capillaries and efferent leave the glomerulus capillaries

14
Q

Describe the structures that blood passes through as it moves through the kidneys, starting with the aorta and ending with IVC.

A

Aorta, renal artery, segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobar artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus capillary, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillary and vasa recta, interlobar vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein, renal vein, IVC

15
Q

What are the three main functions of the kidney?

A

Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

16
Q

What are the two parts of the nephron?

A

Renal corpuscle (filtration happens here) and Renal tubule

17
Q

What happens in the renal tubule?

A

This is where tubular reabsorption and secretion happens

18
Q

Each nephron drains into what?

A

A collecting tubule

19
Q

There are roughly how many nephrons per kidney?

A

1 million

20
Q

What are the two kinds of nephrons?

A

Juxtamedullary and cortical

21
Q

What are medullary rays?

A

These are straight portions of the loop of henley found on light microscope slides

22
Q

What happens in the renal corpuscle?

A

Where glomerular filtration happens

23
Q

What are the two components of the renal corpuscle?

A

The glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule (aka glomerular capsule)

24
Q

What is the glomerulus?

A

A tuft of capillaries composed of 10 - 20 capillary loops. The glomerular capillaries are supplied by an afferent arteriole and drained by an efferent arteriole

25
Q

What are the two layer of Bowman’s capsule?

A

Visceral layer (inner layer) and parietal (external layer)

26
Q

What are the extension of podocytes called

A

Pedicles

27
Q

What is the space between two pedicles of a podocyte called?

A

Filtration slit

28
Q

What is the slit diaphragm of a podocyte?

A

A semipermeable membrane covering the slit

29
Q

What does the renal tubule consist of?

A

PCT, loop of Henley (nephron tube), DCT

30
Q

What is PCT lined with?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

31
Q

PCT have what appearance in slides/pictures?

A

Fuzzy and also the borders of the cuboidal cells are not visible

32
Q

The thick descending limb of the loop of Henley is lined with what?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelial cells

33
Q

The thin descending limb of the loop of Henley is lined with what?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

34
Q

The thin ascending limb of the loop of Henley is lined with what?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

35
Q

The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henley is lined with what?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

36
Q

Describe the lumen the the DCT versus the PCT.

A

Lumen is smoother and larger, and we can start to see some of the cell borders in DCT

37
Q

What is the color of PCT cytoplasm indicating what stain affinity?

A

Reddish, acidophilic

38
Q

What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

Structure where afferent arteriole makes contact with ascending limb of loop of Henley

39
Q

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of what two things?

A

Macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells

40
Q

What tissue lines the collecting ducts?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

41
Q

What are the four layers of the calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and adventitia

42
Q

What is the mucosa of the calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder?

A

Transitional epithelium (urothelium) and lamina propria

43
Q

What are the three layers of the muscularis layer in the calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder?

A

Inner longitudinal layer, outer circular layer, and outermost longitudinal layer (distal end of ureter and present in bladder)

44
Q

Are the ureters and urinary bladder, intra or retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

45
Q

If something in retroperitoneal what is it lined with?

A

Adventitia

46
Q

How long are ureters?

A

10-12 inches

47
Q

What is the shape of the ureter lumen?

A

Star shaped

48
Q

The female urethra is lined with what?

A

Initially urothelium and then stratified squamous epithelium (occasionally pseudostratified columnar epithelium)

49
Q

What is the prostatic part of the male urethra lined with?

A

Urothelium

50
Q

What is the membranous part of the male urethra lined with?

A

Stratified columnar epithelium and pseudostratified columnar epithelium

51
Q

What is the spongy part of the male urethra lined with?

A

Stratified columnar epithelium and pseudostratified columnar epithelium (distally; stratified squamous epithelium)