What is oral mucosa composed of?
- stratified squamous non-cornified epithelium
- underlying connective tissue
regions encountering abrasive/shearing forces (especially lips, gingiva and hard palate)have what modification?
a partially cornified to completely cornified modification
What are the three major salivary glands? What type are each?
- parotid - serous
- submandibular- mixed (serous/mucous)- sublingual – mucous (largely)
What are the salivary products?
salivary amylase
lactoferrin & lysozymes
secretory immunoglobulin – IgA
What does salivary amylase do?
How about lactoferrin and lysozymes?
- breaks down carbs
- antibacterial activity
Where are the minor salivary glands located?
- located in CT elements of oral mucosa
What is the largest salivary gland?
What percent of the salivary volume does it account for?
What is the primary product?
The Parotid gland
25%
salivary amylase
What type of tissue may be noted in significant amounts in the parotid?
adipose tissue
_________:
-accounts for ≈70% of salivary volume
(along with sublingual salivary gland)
- mixed gland, but mostly serous
- contains serous demilunes
- serous cells - salivary amylase
(breaks down carbohydrates)
-mucous cells - secrete mucins
(lubricates food bolus)
Submandibular gland
________________:
-accounts for ≈70% of salivary volume
(along with sublingual salivary gland)
- mixed gland (like submandibular)
- but mucous component much larger
- contains serous cells, mucous cells,& serous demilunes
-products same as submandibular gland
Sublingual gland
What are the three regions of the lip?
external aspect
vermillion zone
internal aspect
_____________:
- always wet
- stratified squamous wet epi.
- dense, irregular CT underlying
- many minor salivary glands
- (mostly mucous)
internal aspect of lip
__________:
- pink region of lip
- extensive dermal papillae
- capillary loops impart color
- devoid of hair & sweat glands
- need to wet lips with tongue
vermilion zone
________________:
- covered with normal (thin) skin
- continuous with vermilion zone
external aspect of lip
What are the 3 calcified substances the tooth is composed of?
Enamel
Dentin
cementum
How many sets of teeth do humans have?
2
How many deciduous (milk) teeth do we have?
20
Describe the two types of adult teeth. How many of each?
How are they distributed?
20 succedaneous teeth
12 molars
-evenly distributed between maxilla & mandible
Anatomy of tooth
crown -
root -
(alveolus – \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_)
cervix -
Anatomy of tooth
crown - visible portion of tooth
root - region housed within alveolus
(alveolus – bony socket into which tooth fits)
cervix - portion between crown and root
Identify
Pulp space/pulp chamber
root canal
What passes through the apical foramen?
blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves
what is the periodontal ligament made of? What does it do?
-dense collagenous CT which binds tooth in socket
__________:
tough mucous membrane exposed to
strenuous forces
stratified squamous epithelium
(either partially or fully cornified)
dense, irregular connective tissue
principal fiber groups formed by type I
collagen fibers
Gingiva (gums)
How are the gums attached to the teeth?
by hemidesmosomes at the enamel surface
___________:
- bony, immovable, rigid structure composed of:
- stratified squamous epithelium
- cornified or partially cornified
- dense, irregular collagenous CT
- anteriorly, displays clusters of adipose cells
- posteriorly, minor salivary glands (mucous)
Hard Palate
_____________:
- stratified squamous noncornified epithelium
- subjacent dense, irregular CT, minor mucous salivary glands
Soft palate
_________________: -posterior-most extension of soft palate
Uvula
What cell type lines the uvula? What does the uvula contain? (three things)
- lined by stratified squamous non-cornified epithelium
- contains mix of: serous & seromucous glands
muscular tissue
What are the functions of the uvula?
-helps create several guttural & other sounds
(though not common in English)
-also functions during swallowing
helps prevent reflux into nasal cavity
The tongue is highly vascular and contains numerous glands, both serous and mucous. What are the names of these glands?
Mucous – glands of Nuhn
Serous – von Ebner’s glands
What are the 4 groups of intrinsic tongue muscles?
superior longitudinal
inferior longitudinal
vertical
transverse
The tongue is divided into two regions, describe how. What separates them? One region contains some stuff. Describe it.
- anterior 2/3
- posterior 1/3
separated by sulcus terminalis contains deep concavity foramen cecum
- posterior 1/3
Dorsal surface of the tongue is covered by papillae on the anterior 2/3
The lingual papillae classified into four types:
?
?
?
?
- filiform papillae
- fungiform papillae
- circumvallate papillae
- foliate papillae
__________________________:
- covered by stratified squamous non-cornified
- red dots distributed among filiform papillae
- color due to blood in subepithelial capillaries
have taste buds on dorsal aspect of “cap”
Fungiform Papillae
_________________:
- numerous slender structures
- impart velvety appearance to dorsal surface
- stratified squamous cornified epithelium
- function in scraping food off a surface do not have taste buds
Filiform papillae
______________________:
- located along posterolateral aspect of tongue
- appear as vertical furrows
- have functional taste buds in neonate
- taste buds usually degenerate by 2nd or 3rd year of life
- slender ducts of serous minor salivary glands empty into base of furrows
- glands located in core of tongue
Foliate papillae
_____________________:
- 8-12, in V-shape anterior to sulcus terminalis
- surrounded by epithelially lined groove
- salivary glands of von Ebner open into groove
- continually wash out groove
- taste buds
within epithelial lining of groove and side not on dorsum
Circumvallate papillae
Taste Buds are Intraepithelial sensory organs that…
- function in perception of taste
- number »3000 on surface of tongue
(& posterior aspect of oral cavity)
- distinctly paler than surrounding epithelium
- oval structure ≈70-80mm long, 30-40mm wide
What kind of cell shape do you find in them? Where does the taste pore open onto?
- each has 60-80 spindle-shaped cells
- taste pore opens onto squamous epithelium
Nerve fibers enter taste bud and form synapses with _________ cells
gustatory
By what mechanisms are the following taste sensations mediated by?
- sweet
- salty
- bitter
- savory
- sour
-Specific ion channels
- Salty
- Sour
- membrane receptors
- sweet
- bitter
- savory (umami)
Taste buds able to discern all 5 sensations, but each taste bud specializes in one type of mechanism.
However, complex taste perception is largely a function of what?
largely a function of olfaction
(decreased sensation in persons with congestion)