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Reproductive > Histology of Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Histology of Male Reproductive System Flashcards

0
Q

Role of testis

A

production of spermatozoa and secretion of male sex hormones

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1
Q

4 parts of male reproductive system

A

testis, genital ducts, accessory glands, penis

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2
Q

Role of genital ducts

A

collect, store, conduct spermatozoa from each testis

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3
Q

Role of accessory glands

A

secrete nutritive and lubricating fluid called seminal fluid

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4
Q

Most notable difference between gametogenesis in males/females.

A

For each primary spermatocytes entering meiosis, you get 4 haploid gametes (x or y) vs. in females, for each oocyte, you get 1 gamete (and remaining polar bodies)

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5
Q

First division is called ____ and involves separation of homologs.

A

reduction of primary spermatocyte

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6
Q

Production process of sperm (n)

A

2n –> 4n (diploid)–> 2 x 2n (haploid)–> 4 x 1n (haploid)

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7
Q

The testis is surrounded by a fibrous capsule called the ______ which divides testis into lobules.

A

tunica albuginea

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8
Q

Where does spermatogenesis take place?

A

250 pyramidal lobules –> 1-4 u-shaped tubules/lobule –> 300-900m total length/testis

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9
Q

Each tubule in the testis empty into what structure?

A

rete testis

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10
Q

What cells exist between tubules?

A

macrophages, interstitial leydig cells,

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11
Q

Where are myoid cells in tubules?

A

at the basal lamina/membrane of the tubule (nonluminal side)

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12
Q

____ layers of ____ cells contain components of smooth muscle and provide contractile propulsion of immotile germ cells from tubules into lumen.

A

3-5 layers of myoid cells

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13
Q

T/F myoid cells respond to testosterone.

A

T –> they have androgen binding proteins in their membranes

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14
Q

The _____ artery provides the blood for the testis via the _____.

A

testicular artery via the tunica

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15
Q

The _____ is a classic steroid secreting cell

A

leydig –> large cell with peripheral nucleus –> testosterone production + maintenance of seminiferous epithelium

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16
Q

Reductional division takes how long?

A

3 weeks

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17
Q

2nd division of spermatogonia produce _______.

A

spermatids

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18
Q

Why are spermatids connected during differentiation?

A

to share proteins (because y spermatids can’t produce all they need) and to synchronize development

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19
Q

______ protein is essential for formation of intercellular bridges and fertility.

A

TEX14 = testis expressed gene 14

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20
Q

Where do sperm gain motility?

A

In the ductus deferens

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21
Q

Type A spermatogonia

A

least mature: round, dark staining, nucleus condensed

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22
Q

Type B spermatogonia

A

still mitotic, visible nucleoli, dispersed chromatin, begin to enter meiosis –> duplicate

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23
Q

Primary spermatocytes

A

duplicated DNA, condensed chromatin, lined up

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24
Q

Secondary spermatocytes

A

are the products of reductional division and divide quickly to form spermatids –> hard to find

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25
Q

Spermatids

A

very round

26
Q

Spermatozoa

A

spermatids that undergo spermatogenesis results in sperm-looking cells

27
Q

Features of spermatogenesis

A

production of an acrosomal cap, elongation of flagellum, removal of residual cytoplasm, alignment of microtubules about the flagella, condensing/compaction of nucleus

28
Q

Acrosome

A

modified lysozome which allows degradation of zona pellucida/cumulus layer of egg –> hyaluronidase, neuraminidase, etc.

29
Q

Acrosomes are amalgamations of _____

A

golgi

30
Q

Cilia are made of _____

A

9+1 microtubule

31
Q

How long do sperm spend in the testis as they develop?

A

45-60 days

32
Q

How long do sperm spend in the ducts for final maturation?

A

7-14 days

33
Q

The entire sperm cycle takes ____ days.

A

75 days

34
Q

Kartagener Syndrome/Immotile Cilia Syndrome

A

immotile spermatozoa, resulting infertility –> absence of dynein or other proteins for flagellar motility; associated with chronic respiratory infection

35
Q

T/F Kartagener syndrome reduces female fertility.

A

F –> in females, redundant mechanisms ensure flagella can function

36
Q

T/F Sertoli cells have processes that can traverse the tubule

A

T

37
Q

_____ cells are the predominant testicular cells in prepubertal males.

A

sertoli

38
Q

Role of microtubules/microfilaments in Sertoli cells.

A

help propel sperm into tubule

39
Q

T/F Sertoli cells can have macrophagic function

A

T –> will degrade degenerate spermatozoa

40
Q

Roles of Sertoli cells.

A

support, protect, and provide nutrition to germ cells, phagocytose residual bodies/degenerate cells, secrete androgen-binding protein, inhibin, activin, produce anti-mullerian hormone, blood-testis barrier

41
Q

_____ provides negative feedback for sperm development and _____ provides positive feedback.

A

inhibin and activin

42
Q

_____ cells form the blood testis barrier.

A

Sertoli cells –> tight junctions separate basal and luminal compartment

43
Q

Role of blood testis barrier

A

protect advanced spermatogenic cells from blood-borne pathogens

44
Q

_____ cells absorb seminiferous fluid that surround sperm being released from rete testis.

A

non-ciliated cells in ductus efferentes

45
Q

Epididymis function

A

accumulation, storage, maturation of sperm –> stabilization of condensed chromatin, changes in plasma membrane charge, acquisition of motility

46
Q

What kind of epithelia is the epidymis?

A

pseudostratified w/stereocilia (microvilli)

47
Q

Function of epidydimal epithelia

A

resorb testicular fluid, phagocytose residual bodies/degenerate spermatozoa, secrete glycoproteins to induce maturation

48
Q

T/F the epithelial layer of the vas deferens is the same as the epididymal epithelia

A

T

49
Q

There is more ______ in the tail vs the head of the epidymis

A

muscle

50
Q

Seminal vesicles make up what proportion of male ejaculate?

A

> 50% –> fructose, citrate, prostaglandins, proteins

51
Q

What kind of epithelia is in the seminal vesicles

A

pseudostratified columnar

52
Q

_____ is a collection of 30-50 branched tubuloaveolar glands with emptying ducts into the _____.

A

prostate and urethra

53
Q

T/F the prostate is surrounded by a fibroelastic capsule

A

T

54
Q

Prostate has ___ sets of glands

A

3

55
Q

mucosal glands empty into

A

urethra

56
Q

submucosal glands and peripheral zone glands enter into ____ which empty into the ____

A

ducts that empty into urethra

57
Q

What kind of epithelia are in the prostate?

A

tall columnar and cuboidal

58
Q

Products of the prostate

A

acid phosphatase, citric acid, fibrinolysin, other proteins

59
Q

dense bodies of glycoproteins that calcify in older men (in prostate gland)

A

Corpus amylacea

60
Q

Starting at age 45, what happens to the prostate?

A

proliferation of mucosal cells and compression of urethra –> difficulty urinating

61
Q

Adenocarcinoma localizes where in the prostate?

A

at border –> within the fibrous capsule

62
Q

Components of penis

A

2 corpora cavernosa, 1 corpus cavernosum, urethra (corpus spongiosum)

63
Q

CCP and CCU contain irregular and communicating blood spaces called _____which fill with blood during _____.

A

sinusoids fill during erection

Reproductive (38 decks)

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