Flashcards in Hip and Knee Anatomy Deck (39)
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1
What are the features of the hip joint?
Strong, stable , multiatxial ball and socket type of synovial joint
2
What forms the ball and socket of the hip joint?
-Ball= femoral head
-Socket= acetabulum
3
How is the depth of the acetabulum increased?
Depth of the acetabulum increased by the fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum and the transverse acetabular ligament
4
What does the head of the femur articulated with?
Head of the femur articulates with the cup-like acetabulum of the hip bone
5
Describe the covering of the head of the femur?
The head is covered with articular cartilage, except for the pit or fovea for the ligament of the head of femur
6
What ligaments are part of the hip joint capsule?
-Iliofemoral ligament
-Pubofemoral ligament
-Ischiofemoral ligament
7
What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?
Y shaped, prevents hyperextension of hip joint
8
What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?
Prevents overabduction of hip joint
9
Where does the ischiofemoral ligament run?
From ischial part of the acetabular rim to the neck of the femur
10
What muscles are involved in flexing the hip?
-Iliopsoas
-Sartorius
-Tensor fasciae latae
-Rectus femoris
-Pectineus
-Adductor longus, brevis and magnus (anterior part)
-Gracillis
11
What muscles are involved in hip extension
-Gluteus maximus
-Semitendinosus
-Semimembranosus
-Biceps femoris: long head
-Adductor magnus: posterior part
12
What muscles are involved in hip adduction?
-Pectineus
-Adductor longus
-Adductor brevis
-Adductor magnus
-Obturator externus
-Gracillis
13
What muscles are involved in hip abduction and medial rotation?
-Gluteus medius
-Gluteus minimus
-Tensor fasciae latae
14
What muscles are involved in lateral rotation of the hip?
-Obturator internus & externus
-Piriformis
-Gluteus maximus
-Gemelli
-Quadratus femoris
15
What is the arterial supply of the hip joint?
Medial and lateral circumflex arteries (branches of profunda femoris)
16
What is the arterial supply to the head of the femur?
Branch of the obturator artery
17
What is the nerve supply to the hip joint?
Femoral, obturator and superior gluteal nerve
18
What type of joint is the knee joint?
Synovial hinge joint
19
What are the articular surfaces of the knee joint?
-Femoro -tibial (lateral & medial)
-Femoro -patellar
20
What leg bone is not involved in the knew joint?
Fibula
21
What is the knee joint strengthened by?
5 Capsular ligmanets
22
What are the 5 ligaments of the knee joint?
-Patellar ligament
-Fibular or lateral collateral ligament (FCL)
-Tibial or medial collateral ligament (TCL)
-Oblique popliteal ligament -Expansion of semimembranosus tendon
-Arcuate popliteal ligament
23
How may burae are found at the knee joint?
-12 bursae around knee joint
-4 bursae communicate with the joint cavity
24
What 4 bursae communicate with the knee joint cavity?
-Suprapatellar bursa
-Popliteal bursa
-Anserine bursa
-Gastrocnemius bursa
25
What is the structure of the tibial collateral ligament?
-Extends from the medial epicondyle of the femur to medial condyle and medial surface of the tibia
-Deep fibres of the TCL are firmly attached to the medial meniscus
26
What is the structure if the fibular collateral ligament?
-Extends from lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula
-Tendon of popliteus passes deep to the FCL
27
What are the intra-articular structures within the knee joint?
Cruciate ligaments and menisci
28
What are the features of the anterior cruciate ligament?
-Weaker of the two
-Poor blood supply
-Limits posterior rolling of femoral condyles on the tibia
-Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of knee
29
What are the features of the posterior cruciate ligament?
-Stronger of the two
-Limits anterior rolling of the femur on the tibia
-Prevents hyperflexion of the knee
30
