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Flashcards in Henry 7th Deck (55)
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1
Q

What did Parliament do to help Henry consolidate his power?

A

It was “ordained, established and enacted” that Henry 7th’s inheritance should go to his heirs.

2
Q

When did Henry visit York?

A

1486

3
Q

When was Sir William Stanley executed?

A

1495

4
Q

When was the Cornish rebellion?

A

1497

5
Q

When were Warbeck and the Earl of Warwick executed?

A

1499

6
Q

When were the marriage negotiations for Henry 8th and Katherine? When was a treaty signed?

A

Negotiations = over the autumn of 1502, and eventually a treaty was drawn up in June 1503. Henry delayed the marriage, making sure not officiated until Henry becomes King…good diplomacy + massive slight to Spain.

7
Q

What did a Papal Bull entail?

A

any children of Henry shall be the “right inheritors” to the crown of England.

8
Q

When was the Simnel rebellion?

A

1487

9
Q

When was the Warbeck rebellion?

A

1491-99

10
Q

How many supporters did Margaret of Burgundy have for Simnel?

A

2,000 soldiers

11
Q

What did Henry do in 1493 in retaliation against Margaret?

A

Broke off all cloth trade w/Burgundy

12
Q

What would later restore this trade?

A

The Intercursus Magnus (1496) - English merchants can freely trade in all parts of Burgundy except Flanders.

13
Q

When did Charles VIII make peace with Henry? Thus, after fleeing to Flanders, when did Henry break off all trade w/ Flanders?

A

1492; 1493

14
Q

As an estimate, how many rebels were killed in the Battle of Blackheath (as part of the Cornish rebellion)?

A

An estimated 1,000 of them

15
Q

Who was the Irish leader of the Simnel rebellion? How were Henry’s nobles dealt with?

A

Thomas Geraldine; via Acts of Attainder in 1487

16
Q

Who were Henry’s ‘men of business’ from the days of the Bosworth campaign / exile (and were thus very loyal to him)?

A

John Morton. Helped Henry’s plan to usurp Richard. Appointed Lord Chancellor in 1487.

Men like Edward Poynings and Reginald Bray dominated the first 10/15 years of Henry’s reign. Poynings became Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1494.

17
Q

Who was on the Privy Council?

A

People like the common lawyer Edmund Dudley, Richard Fox (who became Lord Privy Seal in 1487).

18
Q

How many knights were there in the Order of the Garter? Give an example.

A
  1. Edward Poynings
19
Q

What did J. R. Lander say about Henry and the nobility?

A

To try and rule without them would’ve been “wildly eccentric”.

20
Q

When did the Council Learned come into being?

A

1495

21
Q

How many attainders did Henry issue? How many were refused?

A

138; 46 were refused

22
Q

How many noble families (out of a total 62) were given bonds and/or recognisances by Henry?

A

36

23
Q

What’s a bond? What’s a recognisance?

A

Bond = Written agreement where one promises to pay money if they fail said agreement.

Recognisance = A formal acknowledgement of debts owed to the crown.

24
Q

Who was appointed as the first surveyor of the King’s wards to exploit his estates more systematically? When?

A

Sir John Hussey; 1503

25
Q

Who was appointed (and when) to overhaul the administration of all crown lands, and later become a leading member of the Council Learned which kept a tight grip on money owed to the King?

A

Reginald Bray; 1488

26
Q

What did Henry tell Henry Wyatt, one of his Councillors?

A

Previous kings “weakening their treasure, have made themselves servants to their subjects”.

27
Q

How much did annual royal income go up by? Yet, how much more money did France have than England?

A

From about £52,000 a year to about £142,000 a year.

France had more than 5 times annual royal income than England.

28
Q

Under Henry, how much did the incomes of royal lands go up by?

A

45%

29
Q

What did Polydore Vergil say about Henry’s foreign policy?

A

That he was “more inclined to peace than war”.

30
Q

What was the name of Charles VIII (of France)’s regent?

A

Anne of Beaujeau

31
Q

When were Breton forces defeated at St Aubin du Corbier? Which lands did Henry realise he could reclaim?

A

1488.

Normandy and Aquitaine.

32
Q

When was the Treaty of Redon signed? The Treaty of Medina del Campo?

When was Anne of Brittany forced to marry Charles VIII?

A

1489; a month after Redon; 1491

33
Q

When did Warbeck land in Ireland?

A

1491

34
Q

How many troops did Henry send under the Treaty of Redon (to defend Breton independence)? How many did he actually send?

A

6,000; 3,000

35
Q

What was the Treaty that ended the Brittany crisis? What were the terms?

A

Treaty of Etaples (1492); Henry would gain over £150,000 in compensation in return for removing troops from French soil. France had taken Brittany, but they promised that the French would not support Perkin Warbeck.

36
Q

When did Prince Arthur die? When did Henry’s wife, Elizabeth, die? When did Isabella of Castile die? When did Philip set sail for Castile, and what did Henry sign when Philip arrived in England?

A

1502; 1503; late 1504; early 1506, Intercursus Malus

37
Q

When did Henry obtain the Earl of Suffolk, Edmund de la Pole, and fund Philip and Joanna’s venture as monarchs of Castile? How much money?

A

March 1506,; £138,000

38
Q

When did Philip die? What was the only marriage that was ever finalised?

A

Later on in 1506; Between Mary (Henry VII’s daughter) and Charles V, called off in 1513.

39
Q

When did the Scots recapture the border town of Dunbar? How was this resolved?

A

1486 - in the same year, a three-year truce was signed under which the dispute over Berwick would be resolved.

40
Q

When was Warbeck’s failed invasion attempt from Scotland? How much did Henry receive from Parliament to wage war (and when was this war)?

A

1496; £120,000 to counter Warbeck from 1496-1497

41
Q

What Truce was signed that brought the conflict with Scotland to an end? When?

A

Truce of Ayton; 1497

42
Q

From when could JPs arrest/question poachers or hunters who were in disguise, as this could be a cover for murder/rebellion?

A

1485

43
Q

Who did Henry have the Council of the North run by? What about the Council of Wales?

A

The Earl of Surrey; Jasper Tudor

44
Q

What were the Hansa? When did Henry restore their trading privileges (as he wanted custody of Edmund de la Pole)? When had he been chipping away at these privileges?

A

Strong coalition of German citied; 1504; the late 1480s

45
Q

How much were customs duties increased by from 1486 to 1509?

A

By 20%.

46
Q

What did David Starkey say that Henry wanted to do about the Church?

A

He wanted to “increase the influence of the church, but decrease its power.”.

47
Q

What languages was Henry’s son, Henry taught as part of his Humanist education?

Who has been described as the ‘Prince of Humanism?

A

5 languages - Greek, Latin, French, Spanish and Italian.

Erasmus.

48
Q

Who described Henry as “cautious”?

Who said that the “most serious [rebellions] were those with dynastic intentions”?

Who said that “suspicion and security” impacted every aspect of Henry’s government?

A

S. B. Chrimes

John Guy

Richard Rex

49
Q

Who was kept imprisoned, despite being an experienced and capable nobleman?

A

The Earl of Surrey

50
Q

When was the Lovell rebellion? Where did Lovell flee? What happened to Lovell’s main supporters?

A

1486; he fled to Flanders; the Staffords sought sanctuary, but were arrested - Humphrey was executed, but Thomas pardoned + remained loyal to Henry.

51
Q

Who did Simnel claim he was? Who did Warbeck claim he was?

A

Simnel = Earl of Warwick, a nephew who had a claim to the throne.

Warbeck = Richard, Duke of York, on of Edward IV’s sons.

52
Q

In August/September 1485, what did Henry do?

A
  • Kept the experienced advisors of Richard III whilst removing the discontented;
  • Signed a short-term truce with France, admitting any reference to the fact that King of England had claimed French throne (but he didn’t sign a full peace treaty).
  • Imprisoned Warwick, but not Lincoln (later joined Simnel rebellion + killed in battle).
53
Q

What is ‘retaining’?

A

Where the nobility recruit followers to give a certain kind of service in return for money (during the WOTR)

54
Q

What could you say about Henry’s FP over time?

A

It was initially aggressive, but got more defensive as time wore on (marriages).

55
Q

When was the Earl of Surrey restored to his title?

A

1489