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Flashcards in HemeOnc More Drugs Deck (17)
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0
Q

Drugs to overcome myelosuppression

A
  • WBC growth factors
  • WBC Colony Stimulating Factors (“stims”)
    • Sargramostim (GM-CSF)
    • Filgrastim (G-CSF)
    • Pegilgrastim
1
Q

Drugs for CINV

A
  • Serotonin antagonists (odansetron)
  • Corticosteroids (dexamethazone)
  • NK1/Substance P Antagonist (“prepitants”)
  • Benzodiazepines (“zepams”)
2
Q

Drugs to overcome CIA (Chemotx-induced anemia)

A
  • Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents (ESAs)
    • decrease need for RBC transfusions
    • not used much be/c risk of embolism/death
    • don’t use if intent is cure
3
Q

Serotonin Antagonists

A
  • Used for CINV
  • affects acute phase
  • Drug: Ondansetron (Zofran)
  • blocks 5HT3 receptors (where serotonin binds) in GI tract
  • side effects: headache, constipation
4
Q

Corticosteroids

A
  • Used for CINV
  • affects delayed phase
  • Drug: Dexamethasone
  • Side effects: Increased glucose, fluid retention, mood changes, insomnia, increased WBC (steroids)
5
Q

NK1/Substance P Antagonist

A
  • tx for CINV
    Drug: “prepitant”
  • works in delayed phase
  • causes fatigue, nausea, hiccups, constipation, diarrhea, drug interactions
6
Q

Benzodiazepines

A
  • Tx for CINV
  • work best in anticipatory phase (pre-chemo)
  • Drug: “azepam”
  • works by anxiolytic, amnesic
  • side effect: sedation
7
Q

WBC Colony Stimulating Factors

A
  • Tx myelosuppression
  • Drugs: “stim”s: Sargramostim (GM-CSF), Filgrastim (G-CSF), Pegfilgrastim
  • give when risk of febrile neutropenia greater than/equal to 20%
  • give 24-72 hrs post chemo
8
Q

What drug(s) cause CNS toxicity?

A

Cytarabine causes cerebellar toxicity

9
Q

What drugs cause PNS toxicity via cumulative doses?

A

Cisplatin
Vinca (esp cristine)
Taxanes

10
Q

What drugs cause Autonomic Nervous System toxicity?

A

Cisplatin

Vinca alkaloids

11
Q

What drugs cause cardiomyopathy?

A

1) Anthracyclines-> CHF
protect w/ dose of dextrazoxane

2) mitoxantrone

12
Q

What drugs cause arrythmias?

A

1) Anthracyclines
2) Arsenic
3) Taxanes

13
Q

What drugs cause ischemia?

A

Pyramidine Analogues

Fluorouracil & Capecitabine

14
Q

purine antagonist

A

6-mercaptopurine
- pt can have mutation at TPMT locus (homo or hetero)-> blocks major elimination path to 6-methyl mercaptopurine -> more active metabolite of the drug

15
Q

what drugs cause renal toxicity?

A

cisplatin-> renal tubular damage
–prevention: hydration, lasix, or use carboplatin

HD methotrexate-> high dose (>100) requires rescue with leucovorin and urine alkalinization

  • -risk factors: renal impairment, cisplatin, NSAIDS
  • -prevention: hydration, urine alkalinization
16
Q

what drugs cause bladder toxicity/hemorrhagic cystitis?

A
  • typical alkylators (“amides”)
  • cause direct toxicity
  • prevention: hydration, mesna, bladder irrigation