what is the pericardial membrane composed of
fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium
visecral layer of the heart (covers)
serous pericardium
secretes thin lubricating fluid
serous pericaridium
space in between 2 pericardial membrane
pericardial cavity
muscle tissue of the heart
myocardium
inner lining of the heart
endocardium
where is the apex of the heart?
the inferior part
where does most muscle mass of the heart belong to?
the ventricles
ear like flaps of the atria
auricles
inferior pumping chambers
ventricles
superior chambers of the heart
atria
what are the large vessels attached to the heart ?
superior/inferior vena canva, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, aorta.
right atrium is composed of
superior/inferior vena canva
the right ventricle
pulmonary trunk
left atrium is composed of
pulmonary veins
the aorta is in the
left ventricle
The branching and reconnecting many coronary arteries
anastomosis
drain blood from the heart muscle and lead back to the cornary sinus before feeding into right atrium
cardiac veins
what is likely to develop blockage in some people which is medically significant
coronary arteries
shunts blood around blockage
bypass surgery
prevent back flow and improve effiency
valves
parachute-like”valves between each atrium and ventricle and prevent blood from being pushed back up intot he atria.
AV Valves
What happens when pressure builds under AV valves
they inflate (like a parachute)
the _____ of AV valves closes of the opening between atria and ventricles
inflating
pocket valves at the base of the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
semilunar valves
what is the cardiac cycle?
dynamic muscle contraction driven changes by pressure and volume
which chambers fill with blood as the heart relaxes?
all chambers fill with blood
2 parts of ventricle filling
passive ventricular filling and atrial contraction
blood is sucked in as the heart expands. when the heart relaxes and all four chambers fill passively
passive ventricular filling
Atria contract pushing another 20-30 percent into the ventricles
atrial contraction
true or false: the heart does not need neurons to contract.
true
true or false: the heart is able to contract by itself once per second
true
true or false: the nervous system has no influence on heart rate
false
true or false: the nervous system is directly responsible for causing heart contractions
false
The amount of blood the ventricles pump with each contraction is
Stroke volume
One of the biggest factors in stoke volume
venous return
Amount of blood entering the heart from the great veins
venous return
What is the easiest way to influence cardiac output?
Modifying heart rate