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Flashcards in Healthcare Inequalities Deck (13)
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1
Q

Define health inequality.

A

Preventable and unjust differences in health status across the population and between specific population groups.

2
Q

List 2 characteristics of health inequalities.

A

1 - They are avoidable, so don’t occur randomly or by chance.

2 - They are socially determined, so the circumstances are often beyond the control of the individual.

3
Q

List 8 wide determinants of health.

A

1 - Agriculture and food production.

2 - Education.

3 - Work environment.

4 - Living and working conditions.

5 - Unemployment.

6 - Water and sanitation.

7 - Healthcare services.

8 - Housing.

4
Q

List 7 possible reasons for the association between health and deprivation.

A

1 - Social selection.

2 - Behavioural factors.

3 - Psychosocial factors.

4 - Material deprivation.

5 - Genetics.

6 - Artefacts of measurement.

7 - Poor access to care.

5
Q

Define social selection.

A

The differential action of social conditions on the longevity and reproductive rates of individuals in the population.

6
Q

List 6 factors relating to the individual that impact on a person’s decision to access healthcare.

A

1 - Age.

2 - Sex.

3 - Ethnicity.

4 - Socioeconomic status.

5 - Previous healthcare experience.

6 - Nature and duration of symptoms.

7
Q

List 4 factors relating to accessibility that impact on a person’s decision to access healthcare.

A

1 - Cost.

2 - Convenience.

3 - Attitude of staff.

4 - Geographical location.

8
Q

What is the inverse care law?

A

The idea that the availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the need for it.

9
Q

What is the difference between equity and equality?

A
  • Equity is fairness, whereas equality is uniformity.

- Equity recognises that people have different needs, whereas equality distributes the same care regardless of need.

10
Q

List 4 practices that can reduce inequality and inequity in healthcare.

A

1 - Producing and following guidelines.

2 - Setting targets.

3 - Public health interventions.

4 - Regulatory bodies.

11
Q

List 4 examples of targets set to reduce inequality and inequity in healthcare.

A

1 - 4 hour target in A&E.

2 - Targets set for cancer referral rates.

3 - Programmes to bring down waiting time for operations.

4 - Targets for more frequent access to counselling.

12
Q

List the levels of public health interventions according to Campbell (2010).

A

1 - People.

2 - Lifestyle.

3 - Community.

4 - Local economy.

5 - Activities.

6 - Built environment.

7 - Natural environment.

8 - Global ecosystem.

13
Q

List 4 regulators of healthcare.

A

1 - Care Quality Commission.

2 - NHS Improvement.

3 - NICE Quality Standards.

4 - Public Health Outcomes Framework.